For several G protein-coupled receptors, amino acids in the seventh transmembrane helix have been implicated in ligand binding and receptor activation. The function of this region in the AT1 angiotensin receptor was further investigated by mutation of two conserved polar residues (Asn294 and Asn295) and the adjacent Phe293 residue. Analysis of the properties of the mutant receptors expressed in...

Angiotensin II is a multi-functional bioactive peptide and recent reports have suggested that angiotensin II is a proangiogenic growth factor. A retrospective cohort study revealed that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors decreased cancer risk, however, the precise mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that endogenous angiotensin II plays a crucial role in tumor-associated angiogenesis. Tu...

Losartan potassium, Valsartan , Telmisartan and Irbesartan are angiotensin-II-receptor antagonists (ARA II) group which used in treatment of hypertension alone or in combination with other drugs mainly Hydrochlorothiazide. RP- HPLC method was developed for the assay of three angiotensin-II-receptor antagonists (ARA-IIs) in presence of Hydrochlorothiazide. The method was performed by reversed ph...

Our previous experiments demonstrated upregulation of the renin-angiotensin system in macrophages, including angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors, during transformation from monocytes. We investigated the role of angiotensin II in oxidative stress of monocytes/macrophages, which plays a role in the advance of atherosclerosis. THP1, a human monocytic leukemia cell line, was dif...

Angiotensin II is a known stimulus for the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This action of angiotensin II is mediated by the angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor. However, the role of the angiotensin type 2 (AT2) receptor subtype in inducing VEGF expression has been controversial. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of AT2 receptor blockade on VEGF expres...

Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) increased osmotic water permeability in the isolated toad skin, a tissue with functional properties similar to those of the distal mammalian nephron. Concentrations of 0.1 to 10 microM were effective, with a peak at 20 min. This effect was similar in magnitude to that of frog skin angiotensin II (Ang II) and oxytocin but lower than that of human Ang II and arginine...

Angiotensin II is a vasoactive peptide that may affect vascularization of the ischemic heart via angiogenesis. In this study we aimed at studying the mechanisms underlying the angiogenic effects of angiotensin II under hypoxia in the mouse heart in vitro. Endothelial sprout formation from pieces of mouse hearts was assessed under normoxia (21% O(2)) and hypoxia (1% O(2)) during a 7-day period o...

Objectives: Angiotensin II, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interact within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) modulating the central regulation of blood pressure and sympathetic tone. Our aim was to assess the effects of local angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation within the RVLM and the PVN on neurotransmitter concentrations and me...

Valsartan administration at bedtime as opposed to on wakening improves the sleep time-relative blood pressure decline toward a more dipper pattern without loss in 24-hour efficacy. Yet to be determined is whether this administration time-dependent efficacy is a class-related feature, characteristic of all angiotensin receptor blockers or specific only to valsartan. Terminal half-life is a major...