This paper deals with the threshold radius that warrants the use of single restraining rail for transit and railroads. Different railways use different threshold radius from 91m to 365m to provide restraining rail. These threshold figures are probably experience driven choices. The need for restraining rail may be related to a so-called derailment alarm coefficient of 1.2 sustained over 2m leng...

An experimental dataset is presented of propeller performance in static condition and at low subsonic airspeeds for various angles attack up to 90 deg. Numerical investigation through a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics model revealed the mechanisms behind changes with advance ratio, angle attack, configuration changes. The was found be free major errors very suitable...

The goal of this work is to develop low order dynamical systems models for the unsteady aerodynamic forces on small wings and to better understand the physical characteristics of unsteady laminar separation. Reduced order models for a fixed, high angle of attack flat plate are obtained through Galerkin projection of the governing Navier-Stokes equations onto POD modes. Projected models are comp...