Feed intake data were collected every 6 h in a 140-d feeding trial involving two pens of 15 bull calves, each using one Pinpointer single-animal feeding stall per pen. Spectral analysis of these data revealed strong cyclic patterns of feed intake. These patterns were unique to each animal and consisted of two or more cycle lengths, some up to 28 d, for each animal. Feed intake behavior is an im...

Protection against neonatal sepsis by breast feeding was investigated in a developing community. A case-control study was carried out with 42 cases from a hospital and 270 controls, matched for age and socioeconomic conditions from the community. Exclusive breast feeding was extremely rare, most babies being partially breast fed and a few being given formula feed or animal milk. A highly signif...

Both plant and animal ingredients are used commonly to formulate balanced diets for poultry. Although many changes have been occurred in the genetics, nutrition and feeding of modern meat chickens, free selection and indiscriminate uses of feedstuffs for the non-ruminant animal diets can be hazardous due to the emerging threat of diseases outbreak via animal by-products. Besides this, many othe...

feeding habits of yellowfin seabream, acanthopagrus latus was investigated in coastal waters of the northern persian gulf. this investigation was conducted by monthly sampling of thirty fish from september 2011 through august 2012. fish size ranged from 17.98 ± 2.07 to 32.31 ± 6.52 cm in total length and from 134.01 ± 45.62 to 720.46 ± 292.58 g in weight. the highest value of gastro-somatic ind...

In January of 2005, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released the notice of the Animal Feeding Operations Consent Agreement and Final Order, offering animal feeding operations (AFOs) the opportunity to participate and help fund a nationwide emissions monitoring study that will be used to develop methodologies for estimating emissions from AFOs. As part of the Consent Agre...

The perceived relationship between dietary cholesterol, plasma cholesterol and atherosclerosis is based on three lines of evidence: animal feeding studies, epidemiological surveys, and clinical trials. Over the past quarter century studies investigating the relationship between dietary cholesterol and atherosclerosis have raised questions regarding the contribution of dietary cholesterol to hea...

In mosquitoes, precise and efficient finding of a host animal is crucial for survival. One of the poorly understood aspects of mosquito blood-feeding behavior is how these insects target an optimal site in order to penetrate the skin and blood vessels without alerting the host animal. Here we provide new findings that a piercing structure of the mouthpart of the mosquitoes, the stylet, is an es...

BACKGROUND Industrial food animal production employs many of the same antibiotics or classes of antibiotics that are used in human medicine. These drugs can be administered to food animals in the form of free-choice medicated feeds (FCMF), where animals choose how much feed to consume. Routine administration of these drugs to livestock selects for microorganisms that are resistant to medication...

Despite progress in the use of antiretroviral drugs, mother-to-child transmission of HIV still remains a serious medical problem in resource-poor areas. There is a need to find the best method for drug delivery to reduce transmission, while keeping the risk of selection for drug-resistant viral variants low. Even when infection is prevented during pregnancy, the risk of acquiring infection by b...