background: one of the most important post-operation problems encountered with hepaticojejunostomy (kasai operation) in patients with biliary atresia is cholangitis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of anti-reflux valve in decreasing the incidence of cholangitis after hepaticojejunostomy.   methods: ten dogs were randomly divided into two groups of equal size. in group a rou...

background controlling parenchymal hemorrhage especially in liver parenchyma, despite the progress in surgical science, is still one of the challenges that surgeons face when trying to save patients’ lives. researchers in the field are challenging to introduce a more effective method. objectives the current study aimed to determine the haemostatic effect of alum [kal (so4)2] and compare it with...

background: autogenous osteochondral grafting of articular defect in weight-bearing surface of large joints has proven to be a proper biomechanical and physiological solution for localized full-thickness defects. objective: to study the gross and histopathological results of mosaicplasty in an animal model (sheep’s medial femoral condyle), evaluating the factors of defect and graft size, assess...