At the concentrations usually employed as a Ca2+ indicator, arsenazo III undergoes a one-electron reduction by rat liver microsomes to produce an azo anion radical as demonstrated by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Either NADH or NADPH can serve as a source of reducing equivalents for the production of this free radical by rat liver microsomes. The steady state concentration of the azo an...

Anion exchange reactions of a number of layered double hydroxides with inorganic anions were investigated. The five LDH systems used in this study were Mg-Al, Ni-Al, Co-Al, Zn-Al and Zn-Cr. Ni-Zn hydroxynitrate and Ni-Zn hydroxyacetate were the LHSs used in this work. In general, all the LDHs and nickel zinc hydroxysalts exhibited higher extent of exchange towards chloride ions. The extent of e...

Apical growth in pollen tubes (PTs) is associated with the presence of tip-focused ion gradients and fluxes, implying polar localization or regulation of the underlying transporters. The molecular identity and regulation of anion transporters in PTs is unknown. Here we report a negative gradient of cytosolic anion concentration focused on the tip, in negative correlation with the cytosolic Ca(2...

The serum anion gap has been utilized to identify errors in the measurement of electrolytes, to detect paraproteins, and, most relevant to the nephrologist, to evaluate patients with suspected acid-base disorders. In regard to the latter purpose, traditionally an increased anion gap is identified when it exceeds the upper limit of normal for a particular clinical laboratory measurement. However...

New appropriate reaction system was found for spectrophotometric determination of phosphate anion. This spectrophotometric method is based on the color development due to the formation of yellow molybdophosphate anion in acidic ethylene glycol-water (EG-W) mixed solution containing Mo(VI) species. The solution containing e.g. 20 mM Na(2)MoO(4), 0.1 M HCl, and 40% (v/v) EG is colorless, and be...

Anion-π interactions have been introduced recently to catalysis. The idea of stabilizing anionic intermediates and transition states on π-acidic surfaces is a new fundamental concept. By now, examples exist for asymmetric enolate, enamine, iminium and transamination chemistry, and the first anion-π enzyme has been created. Delocalized over large aromatic planes, anion-π interactions appear part...