PURPOSE To estimate the prevalence of refractive errors among adult black and white Americans and to identify risk factors associated with these refractive errors. METHODS Refractive error was measured in a population-based sample of black and white adults age 40 or older residing in east Baltimore from 1985 through 1988. Aphakic eyes were excluded from analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of m...

PURPOSE During development, the presence of strabismus and anisometropia frequently leads to amblyopia, a visual disorder characterized by interocular acuity differences. Although additional deficits in contrast sensitivity, crowding (the impaired recognition of closely spaced objects), and stereoacuity are common, the relationship between these abilities is unclear. METHODS We measured the c...

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence rates of myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia in a prevalence survey of adults in Sumatra, Indonesia. METHODS A population-based prevalence survey of 1043 adults 21 or more years of age was conducted in five rural villages and one provincial town of the Riau Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. A one-stage household cluster sampling procedure was used...

215 preschool siblings of children presenting with squint/amblyopia were screened by refraction after cycloplegia. The presence of +2.00 or more D of spherical hypermetropia in both eyes, or +1.00 or more D sphere or cylinder of anisometropia was significantly associated (P=0.0779%) with that child being identified 2+ years later as having either squint or amblyopia or both. Astigmatism of +1.5...

PURPOSE We previously demonstrated that selective suture removal reduces keratoplasty astigmatism; however, a myopic shift was induced with increasing number of interrupted sutures removed. This study is an attempt to determine the effects of a modified surgical technique on postkeratoplasty myopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia. METHODS Optical penetrating keratoplasties were performed on 9...

DOS Times Vol. 11, No. 10 April, 2006 Amblyopia is defined as unilateral or bilateral decrease of visual acuity caused by vision deprivation or abnormal binocular interaction for which no organic causes can be detected by the physical examination of the eye and which in appropriate cases is reversible by therapeutic measures1,2,3. For detection purposes, on routine examination, amblyopia is def...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between ciliary muscle thickness (CMT), refractive error, and axial length both across subjects and between the more and less myopic eyes of adults with anisometropia. METHODS Both eyes of 29 adult subjects with at least 1.00 D of anisometropia were measured. Ciliary muscle thickness was measured at the maximum thickness (...