When the Norwegian Parliament opened southeastern Barents Sea for petroleum activity in 2013, it did so based on an impact assessment report prepared by Ministry of Petroleum and Energy (Norwegian Energy, 2012–2013). In 2016 first licenses to drill this area were awarded, two environmental organizations sued state awarding them. To prepare court case commissioned economists with expertise resou...

Hierarchical accountability often proves insufficient to control street-level implementation, where complex, informal relations prevail and tasks must be prioritized. However, scholars lack a theoretical model of how affect implementation behaviors that are inconsistent with policy. By extending the Accountability Regimes Framework (ARF), this paper explains multiple competing subjective accoun...

This article develops an explanatory framework of institutional change in intergovernmental relations. Using new institutionalism, we focus on a main factor—the players' perceptions their own accountability and that others. Integrating the concepts multiple felt accountability, develop concept gap, meaning differences between players central government about responsibility to provide local serv...

Cultural-historical-activity-theory (CHAT) provides a powerful explanation of how young people become functioning members of their local communities by participating in particular activities, in which they receive assistance in their zones of proximal development through guided participation or legitimate peripheral participation. However it has been less successful in providing a theoretical a...

The global fight against HIV/AIDS continues to pose challenges: infection rates are on the rise in many settings, stigma and discrimination remain rampant, and the global response is under increasing financial pressure. There is a high risk of losing what has been achieved so far in the fight against HIV and AIDS, but also the momentum to meet the so-called Fast Track targets for 2030. In light...

A prevailing rhetoric in human-robot interaction is that automated systems will help humans do their jobs better. Robots will not replace humans, but rather work alongside and supplement human work. Even when most of a system will be automated, the concept of keeping a “human in the loop” assures that human judgment will always be able to trump automation. This rhetoric emphasizes fluid coopera...