Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) prevent uncontrolled ice formation in organisms exposed to subzero temperatures by binding irreversibly to specific planes of nascent ice crystals. To understand the thermodynamic driving forces and kinetic mechanism of AFP activity, it is necessary to characterize the hydration behavior of these proteins in solution. With this aim, we have studied the hyperactive ins...

The goal of the research is to study effectiveness use adaptogenic preparations Natural Plant Complex “White Pearl” line increase yield and quality apples. objects studies were apple cultivar “Sinap Orlovsky” preparations: phytomodulator Pearl Universal Antifreeze” phytocorrector Drip Ca + Mg”. experiment used following variants: 1—control (foliar sprays with water); 2—foliar 1% solution As a r...

During cold acclimation, winter rye (Secale cereale L. cv Musketeer) plants accumulate antifreeze proteins (AFPs) in the apoplast of leaves and crowns. The goal of this study was to determine whether these AFPs influence survival at subzero temperatures by modifying the freezing process or by acting as cryoprotectants. In order to inhibit the growth of ice, AFPs must be mobile so that they can ...

The adsorption of antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGP) from aqueous solution onto two different silicate minerals, muscovite mica and amorphous silica-titania, has been directly observed for the first time in situ using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS). The former yields the lateral distribution and heights of adsorbed single molecules and massed adso...

The crystal growth process by which fish antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) modify the ice morphology is analyzed in the AFP-ice system. A newly identified AFP-induced surface reconstruction mechanism enables one-dimensional helical and irregular globular ice binding surfaces to stabilize secondary, kinetically less stable ice surfaces with variable face indices. No...

Antifreeze proteins are produced by extremophile species to control ice formation and growth, and they have potential applications in many fields. There are few examples of synthetic materials which can reproduce their potent ice recrystallization inhibition property. We report that self-assembled enantiomerically pure, amphipathic metallohelicies inhibited ice growth at just 20 μM. Structure-p...

One of the most important large-scale ocean current systems for Earth's climate is the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Here we review its stability properties and present new model simulations to study the AMOC's hysteresis response to freshwater perturbations. We employ seven different versions of an Ocean General Circulation Model by using a highly accurate tracer advectio...

Biological antifreezes protect cold-water organisms from freezing. An example is the antifreeze proteins (AFP's) that attach to the surface of ice crystals and arrest growth. The mechanism for growth arrest has not been heretofore understood in a quantitative way. We present a complete theory based on a kinetic model. We use the "stones on a pillow" picture. Our theory of the suppression of the...

Inverse Compensation of Hysteresis using Modified Generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii Hysteresis Model