Monoclonal antibodies specific for the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) are widely used for detection and quantification of DNA photolesions. However, the mechanisms of antigen binding by anti-CPD antibodies are little understood. Here we report NMR analyses of antigen recognition by TDM-2, which is a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for the cis - syn -cyclobutane thymine dimer (T[ c, s ]T)...

The antigen-binding site of Herceptin, an anti-human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) antibody, was engineered to add a second specificity toward Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) to create a high affinity two-in-one antibody bH1. Crystal structures of bH1 in complex with either antigen showed that, in comparison to Herceptin, this antibody exhibited greater conformational vari...

Simian Virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen is a DNA binding protein with high affinity for segments of the viral genome. To find out whether T antigen also binds to sequences of genomic cellular DNA we mixed T antigen and SAU 3 A restricted mouse DNA under stringent DNA binding conditions. Resulting protein-DNA complexes were immunoprecipitated using T antigen specific monoclonal or polyclonal anti...

TSPs (tailspike proteins) are essential infection organelles of bacteriophage P22. Upon infection, P22TSP binds to and cleaves the O-antigen moiety of the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) of its Salmonella host. To elucidate the role of TSP during infection, we have studied binding to oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Enteritidis in vitro. P22TSP is a trimeric ...

We have previously reported that two types of suppressor T cell factors (TsF) specific for L-glutamic acid50-L-tyrosine50 (GT) or L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) can be distinguished based upon differences in their ability to suppress responses by allogeneic mice. Injection of GAT or GT induces a suppressor T cell subset that produces an antigen-binding, I-J+, genetically unres...

the object of this cross sectional study was to determine the hcv subtype 3a envelope protein binding affinity with human leukocyte antigen. envelope 1 (e1) protein is one of the structural proteins responsible for entering the cells through the receptors. the binding affinity of e1 protein epitopes to the selected human leukocyte antigen (hla) class i alleles was investigated using the compute...

introduction: binding a monoclonal antibody to tumor associated antigens is an effective method for cancer therapy because these agents can specifically target malignant cells, in fact monoclonal antibodies are effective agents for diagnosis, grading and treatment of different kinds of cancers. methods: in this research, a new monoclonal antibody against colon cancer cells was prepared and anti...

Superantigens are bacterial, viral, retroviral and some naturally occurring proteins that can specifically activate a large proportion of T and/or B cells. In contrast to classical peptide antigen recognition, superantigens do not require processing to small peptides. T-cell superantigens interact with the immune system by binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II proteins outs...

The antigen binding site of IgG immunoglobulins consists of two separate peptide domains,VH and VL. This part of combined domains contains three loops in each and it provides unique structure to distinguish antigens. The unique sequences encode the antigen binding site are determined by recombination of V region genes in both VH and VL during the differentiation of B−lymphocyte and successive s...