Background: The study aimed to evaluate the interval between first drug use and regular injection and factors associated with transition from first injection into premature regular injection among people who inject drugs (PWIDs).Methods: In a multicenter cross-sectional study, we recruited 400 PWIDs using snowball sampling. Age of first drug use, age of initiation of regular injection, and demo...

In this paper, a new spectral-iterative method is employed to give approximate solutions of fractional logistic differential equation. This approach is based on combination of two different methods, i.e. the iterative method cite{35} and the spectral method. The method reduces the differential equation to systems of linear algebraic equations and then the resulting systems are solved by a numer...

Background & Aims: There are limited information about prevalence of smoking, drug abuse and its associated factors amongst Iranian students. The present study aimed to determine prevalence of smoking and drug abuse amongst male high school students in Ilam and the role of associated psychological and social factors. Method: Overall, 1000 male high school students were recruited using a multi-s...

Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of spiritual well-being and demographic characteristics in signing the donor card. Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Hamadan in 2018. Six hundred employees from 57 offices (out of 60) were selected using a random sampling method. Data gathering was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire. Th...

a constitutive model based on two–dimensional unstructured galerkin finite volume method (gfvm) is introduced and applied for analyzing nonlinear behavior of cracked concrete structures in equilibrium condition. the developed iterative solver treats concrete as an orthotropic nonlinear material and considers the softening and hardening behavior of concrete under compression and tension by using...

background: this study aimed to assess the burden of household smoking habits on the occurrence of respiratory symptoms among young adolescents in malaysia. methodology: the impact of secondhand smoke (shs) exposures on the occurrence of respiratory symptoms was investigated on 234 adolescents (13-14 years old) residing in two states in malaysia. adolescents completed a self-administered questi...

background: prehypertension frequently progresses into hypertension and is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. we studied the prevalence of prehypertension and their determinants by gender and age. methods: the study used nationally representative data from 11,754 participants aged 20–91 years collected between 2010–2012 korea national health and nutrition examination survey...

In this paper, we present a new preconditioner which generalizes two known preconditioners proposed by Wang et al. (2009) and A. J. Li (2011), and prove that the convergence rate of the AOR method with the new preconditioner is faster than the preconditioners introduced by Wang et al. Moreover, we propose other two new preconditioners and study the convergence rates of the new preconditioned AO...

In this paper we give the optimum parameters for the Accelerated Overrelaxation (AOR) method in the special case where the matrix coefficient of the linear system, which is solved, is consistently ordered with nonvanishing diagonal elements. Under certain assumptions, concerning the eigenvalues of the corresponding Jacobi matrix, it is shown that the optimum AOR method gives better convergence ...