Functional markers for stress tolerance can be used in plant breeding to identify genotypes with high yield stabilities under various conditions. Thus, a good marker should show a strong correlation with favourable adaptive plant behaviour. The efficient reprogramming of target cells for yield determination is currently considered to be the most important step towards defining abiotic stress to...

We found that mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) protein and the capacity for CN-resistant respiration are dramatically increased in wild-type tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) suspension-cultured cells in response to growth under P limitation, and antisense (AS8) tobacco cells unable to induce AOX under these conditions have altered growth and metabolism. Specifically, we found that the respira...

A novel gene for alternative oxidase (AOX) was isolated from rice (Oryza sativa L.) and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence of the novel AOX gene contains features that are conserved among other AOXs. This AOX gene was designated AOX1c based on a phylogenetic analysis of the AOX genes. Northern hybridization analyses revealed that AOX1c and AOX1a/AOX1b transcripts accumulated differe...

In vitro studies demonstrated that alternative oxidase (AOX) is biochemically regulated by a sulfhydryl-disulfide system, interaction with alpha-ketoacids, ubiquinone pool redox state and protein content among others. However, there is still scarce information about the in vivo regulation of the AOX. Cucumis sativus wild-type (WT) and MSC16 mutant plants were grown under two different light int...

Aspergillus fumigatus possesses a branched mitochondrial electron transport chain, with both cyanide-sensitive and -insensitive oxygen-consumption activities. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species mediate signaling for alternative oxidase (AOX) expression. A 1173 bp-long Afaox gene encoding a 40 kDa protein has been cloned and identified. Recombinant constructs containing the Afaox ORF were tra...

In order to elucidate factors that determine substrate specificity and activity of mammalian molybdo-flavoproteins we performed site directed mutagenesis of mouse aldehyde oxidase 3 (mAOX3). The sequence alignment of different aldehyde oxidase (AOX) isoforms identified variations in the active site of mAOX3 in comparison to other AOX proteins and xanthine oxidoreductases (XOR). Based on the str...

Changes in the respiratory rate and the contribution of the cytochrome (Cyt) c oxidase and alternative oxidase (COX and AOX, respectively) were investigated in soybean (Glycine max L. cv Stevens) root seedlings using the 18O-discrimination method. In 4-d-old roots respiration proceeded almost entirely via COX, but by d 17 more than 50% of the flux occurred via AOX. During this period the capaci...

We have identified five acyl coenzyme A (CoA) oxidase isozymes (Aox1 through Aox5) in the n-alkane-assimilating yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, encoded by the POX1 through POX5 genes. The physiological function of these oxidases has been investigated by gene disruption. Single, double, triple, and quadruple disruptants were constructed. Global Aox activity was determined as a function of time after ...

The purpose of this study was to explore how the mitochondrial AOX (alternative oxidase) pathway alleviates photoinhibition in Rumex K-1 leaves. Inhibition of the AOX pathway decreased the initial activity of NADP-malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.82, NADP-MDH) and the pool size of photosynthetic end electron acceptors, resulting in an over-reduction of the photosystem I (PSI) acceptor side. The o...

We studied the differences between the functional and bioenergetic effects of antioxidants (AOX) administered before or after myocardial ischemia. Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were perfused with a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution and bubbled with 95% O(2)-5% CO(2). The protocol consisted of 10 min of baseline perfusion, 20 min of global ischemia, and 30 min of reperfusion. An AOX, either 1,2-dihy...