BACKGROUND Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a chronic bladder disorder with bladder epithelial thinning or ulceration, pain, urinary frequency and urgency. There is no reliably effective therapy for IC/PBS, and no generally accepted animal model for the disorder in which potential therapies can be tested. Bladder epithelial cells from IC/PBS patients make a small glyco...

The aim of this study was evaluate in vitro the influence of simplified adhesive systems (etch-and-rinse and self-etching) and 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) on the microshear bond strength (μ-SBS) of composite resins on primary molars and incisors. Forty primary molars and forty incisors vestibular enamel was treated with either the self-etching Clearfil SE Bond (CSE, Kuraray) or et...

The corrosion behaviors of Ti, Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-6Al-4V alloys, and an experimentally produced Ti-0.5Pt alloy in 0.05% to 2.0% concentrations of Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) solutions (corresponding to 226 to 9,050 ppm fluoride at pH 3.5 or 3.6) were examined. While the corrosion of Ti, Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-6Al-4V alloys might occur easily even in a diluted 0.05% APF solution, dissolution o...

A three-phase four-leg inverter-based shunt active power filter (APF) is proposed to compensate three-phase unbalanced currents under unbalanced load conditions in grid-connected operation in this study. Since a DC-link capacitor is required on the DC side of the APF to release or absorb the instantaneous apparent power, the regulation control of the DC-link voltage of the APF is important espe...

A small heat-stable polypeptide, ATP-dependent proteolysis factor 1 (APF-1), is an essential component of the ATP-dependent proteolytic system of rabbit reticulocytes (Ciechanover, A., Hod, Y., and Hershko. A. (1978) Biochem. Biophys. Res Commun. 81, 1100-1105). The following evidence supports the view that APF-1 is ubiquitin, a highly conserved heat-stable polypeptide found universally in natu...

BACKGROUND Arterioportal fistula (APF) is an abnormal, direct connection between hepatic artery or its branch and the portal vein. Fistula can be acquired or, rarely, congenital. One of the acquired causes of fistula is a liver biopsy. Patients with liver cirrhosis are particularly vulnerable to its development due to the large number of performed biopsies. APF increases mortality and morbidity...

This study compared the original, more concentrated acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) and stannous fluoride (SnG) regimens and one of the commercial products with respect to the stability of the fluoride deposited from the treatments in vitro. Specimens of human enamel were treated with two-step sequential applications or mixtures of APF and SnF2 and subsequently were exposed to one of three ...

AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface/mineral changes on enamel before and after the application of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel, fluoride enhanced hydroxyapatite gel and propolis in conjunction with carbon-dioxide (CO2) laser. MATERIALS AND METHODS Crowns of 40 human maxillary central incisors were collected and were divided into four groups of 10 each: Topical flu...

This in vitro study evaluated the compositional, crystalline, and morphological effects promoted by Nd:YAG laser on root dentin, and verified the effects of laser and topical acidulated phosphate fluoride application (APF-gel) on dentin erosion. 180 bovine dentin slabs were randomized into 4 groups (n = 45): G1-untreated, G2-APF-gel (1.23% F-, 4 min), G3-Nd:YAG (1064 nm, 84.9 J/cm², 10 Hz), and...

The so-called antikeratin antibodies (AKA) and the antiperinuclear factor (APF) are the most specific serological markers of RA. Using indirect immunofluorescence, AKA label the stratum corneum of various cornified epithelia and APF the keratohyalin granules of human buccal mucosa epithelium. We recently demonstrated that AKA recognize human epidermal filaggrin. Here, we report the identificati...