We revise a known attack on the PIN verification framework, based on a weakness of the underlying security API. We specify this flawed API in an imperative language with cryptographic primitives and we show why its type-based verification fails in the type system of Myers, Sabelfeld and Zdancewic. We propose an improved API, extend the type system with cryptographic primitives for assuring inte...

Learning to use existing or new software libraries is a difficult task for software developers, which would impede their productivity. Much existing work has provided different techniques to mine API usage patterns from client programs in order to help developers on understanding and using existing libraries. However, considering only client programs to identify API usage patterns is a strong c...

API error-handling specifications are often not documented, necessitating automated specification mining. Automated mining of error-handling specifications is challenging for procedural languages such as C, which lack explicit exception-handling mechanisms. Due to the lack of explicit exception handling, error-handling code is often scattered across different procedures and files making it diff...

Objective: This study examined subsite-specific colorectal cancer incidence rates and stage distributions for Asians and Pacific Islanders (API) and compared the API data with data for Whites and African Americans. Methods: Data included 336,798 invasive colorectal cancer incident cases for 1995 to 1999 from 23 population-based central cancer registries, representing about two thirds of API pop...

Computer programs written in one language are often required to be ported to other languages to support multiple devices and environments. When programs use language specific APIs (Application Programming Interfaces), it is very challenging to migrate these APIs to the corresponding APIs written in other languages. Existing approaches mine API mappings from projects that have corresponding vers...

The C-branched sugar d-apiose (Api) is essential for plant cell-wall development. An enzyme-catalyzed decarboxylation/pyranoside ring-contraction reaction leads from UDP-α-d-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) to the Api precursor UDP-α-d-apiose (UDP-Api). We examined the mechanism of UDP-Api/UDP-α-d-xylose synthase (UAXS) with site-selectively 2 H-labeled and deoxygenated substrates. The analogue UDP-2...

A simple application program interface (API) for Java programs running on a wiki is implemented experimentally. A Java program with the API can be running on a wiki, and the Java program can save its data on the wiki. The Java program consists of PukiWiki, which is a popular wiki in Japan, and a plug-in, which starts up Java programs and classes of Java. A Java applet with default access privil...