The intestine is able to regulate its output rate of chylomicrons, the major intestinal triacylglycerol (TG) transport vehicle. We have proposed that a vesicle, transporting the developing chylomicron from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, is the rate-limiting step in the process of TG transit through the enterocyte [ Am. J. Physiol. 273 ( Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 36): G18-G30, 1...

OBJECTIVE Increased production of intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) contributes to dyslipidemia and increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We have previously demonstrated that enteral glucose enhances lipid-stimulated intestinal lipoprotein particle secretion. Here, we assessed whether glucose delivered systemically by ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS When a high fat oral load is followed several hours later by further ingestion of nutrients, there is an early postprandial peak in plasma triacylglycerol (TG). The aim of this study was to investigate the location and release of lipid from within the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS Ten healthy patients undergoing oesopho-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD) were recruited. At t=0, a...

OBJECTIVE To determine the postprandial lipaemia response before and after intervention with healthy diets in the Medi-RIVAGE cohort of subjects with moderate risk factors of CVD. DESIGN One hundred and thirty-five adults (fifty-two men and eighty-three women) followed either a Mediterranean-type (MED) diet or a low-fat American Heart Association-type diet in a parallel design for 3 months. A...

Although studies in vitro and in hypothyroid animals show that thyroid hormone can, under some circumstances, modulate the actions of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, the mechanisms responsible for thyroid hormone's lipid-lowering effects are not completely understood. We tested whether LDL receptor (LDLR) expression was required for cholesterol reduction by treating control and LDLR-kn...

The effect of chylomicron remnant-like particles (CRLPs) enriched in saturated, mono-unsaturated or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (derived from palm, olive or corn oil, respectively) on the secretion of VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) by rat hepatocytes in culture was investigated. CRLPs were incubated with cultured hepatocytes for 5 h. The medium was then removed and the secretion of cho...

BACKGROUND Postprandial hyperlipidemia impairs endothelial function and participates in the development of atherosclerosis. We investigated the postprandial effects of a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, alogliptin, on endothelial dysfunction and the lipid profile. METHODS A randomized cross-over trial design in 10 healthy volunteers (8 males and 2 females, 35 ± 10 years) was performed. The ...

Ischemic heart disease is the main cause of death worldwide and it is accelerated by increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) and/or lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) concentrations. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) alters both LDL-C and in part Lp(a) concentrations through its ability to induce degradation of the LDL receptor (LDLR). PCSK9, however, has additional...

Chylomicron metabolism is abnormal in diabetes and the chylomicron particle may play a very important role in atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of diabetes on the metabolism of chylomicrons in cholesterol-fed alloxan diabetic and nondiabetic rabbits. Five diabetic rabbits and 5 control rabbits were given [14C]linoleic acid and [3H]cholesterol by gavage. Lymph was ...

Dietary fats are efficiently absorbed in the small intestine and transported into the blood via the lymph as chylomicrons, despite enormous variations in the amount and composition of the dietary lipid. The aim of the present study was to investigate how enterocytes respond to increased dietary fats of different composition. Rabbits were fed a low fat chow diet, and chow supplemented with sunfl...