BACKGROUND Physical forces, such as pressure and flow, are well known to affect vascular function in the coronary circulation. Increases in shear stress produce vasodilation in coronary arterioles in vitro, and constant-flow preparations suggest a role for shear stress-induced vasodilation during adjustments to metabolic demand in vivo. Hypothetically, the regulation of shear stress can be view...

We perform extensive molecular dynamics simulations of two-dimensional frictionless granular materials to determine whether these systems can be characterized by a single static yield shear stress. We consider boundary-driven planar shear at constant volume and either constant shear force or constant shear velocity. Under steady flow conditions, these two ensembles give similar results for the ...

nowadays, soil reinforcement using polymer elements have been investigated by a number of researchers in order to increase the load capacity of soils. reinforcing soils using fibers is a method of soil improvement, which offers a homogenous mixture in combination with soils, regarding their tensile strength. this combination maintains pressure loading capacity and properties in mutual resistant...

Computational blood flow simulations over patient-specific image-based three dimensional domains under personalized flow conditions have been extensively used to investigate associations between flow characteristics and aneurysm initiation, progress and rupture. Although it is widely accepted that the wall shear stress is associated to those processes, there is still no agreement about what str...

I recent years, it has become apparent that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process affecting largeand medium-sized arteries throughout the cardiovascular system. The rate of progression is variable with the lesions occurring primarily at sites of low shear stress or increased turbulence, ie, at sites of bifurcation or curvature of the vessels. The early stages of the process mimic ch...

The apparent shear viscosity of p-methoxybenzylidene-p'-n-butylaniline in the presence of electrohydrodynamic convection (EHC) is investigated experimentally. In the absence of an electric field, directors are almost aligned along the flow direction such that the viscosity is close to the minimum of the Miesowicz viscosities. Since EHC disturbs the flow-aligned director configuration, the visco...

The configurational properties associated with the transition from anelasticity to plasticity in a transiently deforming metallic glass-forming liquid are studied. The data reveal that the underlying transition kinetics for flow can be separated into reversible and irreversible configurational hopping across the liquid energy landscape, identified with beta and alpha relaxation processes, respe...

Abstract The Ellis model describes the apparent viscosity of a shear–thinning fluid with no singularity in limit vanishingly small shear stress. In particular, this matches Newtonian behaviour when stresses are very small. emergence Rayleigh–Bénard instability is studied horizontal pressure gradient, yielding basic throughflow, prescribed porous layer. threshold conditions for linear system obt...

Endothelial cells (ECs) that line the inner surface of blood vessels are continuously exposed to fluid frictional force (shear stress) induced by blood flow, and shear stress affects the intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), which initiates cellular responses. Here, we studied the effect of long-term exposure of shear stress on [Ca2+]i responses in cultured ECs by using a confocal laser microscope a...