Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) was used to demonstrate the attachment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 transformed with a plasmid encoding for green fluorescent protein (GFP) to the surface and within the internal structures of nonwaxed Red Delicious cv. apples. Apples at 2 or 25 degrees C were inoculated with an E. coli O157:H7 cell suspension at 2 or 25 degrees C. The effect of a negati...

6 7 8 9 Abstract 10 Cyanogenic glycosides are natural plant toxicants. Action by endogenous plant enzymes 11 can release hydrogen cyanide causing potential toxicity issues for animals including 12 humans. We have quantified amygdalin in seeds from different apple varieties, determined 13 the effects of processing on the amygdalin content of apple juice and quantified amygdalin 14 in commerciall...

Citation: Tam JC, Link JS, Large SI, Andrews K, Friedland KD, Gove J, Hazen E, Holsman K, Karnauskas M, Samhouri JF, Shuford R, Tomilieri N and Zador S (2017) Comparing Apples to Oranges: Common Trends and Thresholds in Anthropogenic and Environmental Pressures across Multiple Marine Ecosystems. Front. Mar. Sci. 4:282. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00282 Comparing Apples to Oranges: Common Trends and...

Apples to Apples Comparing PM2.5 Exposures and Birth Outcomes in Understudied Countries Mixed evidence suggests inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), a component of air pollution, may adversely affect birth outcomes, and research to elucidate the potential connection is on going. A new study in EHP provides further evidence for previously described associations between PM2.5 levels and...

In this paper, a novel method to recognize defect regions of apples based on Gabor wavelet transformation and SVM using machine vision is proposed. The method starts with background removal and object segmentation by threshold. Texture features are extracted from each segmented object by using Gabor wavelet transform, and these features are introduced to support vector machines (SVM) classifier...

Phloretin [3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)propan1-one] is a hydrophobic, dihydrochalcone, polyphenolic compound (MW 274.3 g/mol, XlogP 2.6) that has been identified in apples and other natural sources including Pieris japonica, Kalmia latifolia, Hoveniae Lignum, and Loiseleuria procumbens [1-6] (Figure 1). Phloridzin is the glycoside of phloretin (phloretin-2’-glucose) which has ...

Much of this uncertainty stems from not comparing “apples to apples,” in terms of the type of lasers utilized and the way that studies are designed. Certain lasers are used specifically for soft tissue treatment. These include the CO2, Nd:YAG, and diode lasers. Others can be used for both soft and hard tissue applications. These are the Er:YAG and Er, Cr:YSGG lasers. They must be compared withi...

A new Skew Tolerant Flip-Flop (STFF) that achieves the lowest reported delay and energy-delay product while absorbing up to 54ps of clock skew is described. In addition, a method for characterizing clock skew absorbing flip-flops is presented. This comparison is apples-to-apples because the best previously reported flip-flops [1-4] are fabricated on the same wafer and measured using a common te...