Spearman’s Hypothesis holds that the magnitude of mean White–Black differences on cognitive tests covaries with the extent to which a test is saturated with g. This paper evaluates Spearman’s Hypothesis by manipulating the g saturation of cognitive composites. Using a sample of 16,384 people from the General Aptitude Test Battery database, we show that one can decrease mean racial differences i...

Abstract This article discusses the conceptualization, measurement, and validity of a recently emerged construct in field second language acquisition (SLA)—implicit aptitude (alternatively “implicit aptitude”). Implicit is set cognitive abilities that enable learners to make unconscious computations distributional transitional probabilities linguistic input. key an accurate understanding founda...

The present study was designed to initially test a model of the role of a set of cognitive (namely, aptitude and working memory) and motivational (namely, language learning goals, self-efficacy beliefs and self-regulation strategy use) individual differences variables in writing performance of a group of Iranian undergraduate EFL learners and, subsequently, to identify the possible differences ...

a given aptitude, it must be given to persons known to possess that aptitude, and their standings in the test must correspond with their working proficiency. The question that always perplexes the investigator is: What shall I use an an index of their proficiency? In technical terms, what shall be the criterion? The criterion, according to Burtt, "is an index of occupational proficiency which i...

Many tutoring systems currently in use provide a wealth of information pertaining to student learning over long periods of time. Providing meaningful representations of student performance can indicate levels of knowledge and understanding that can alert instructors to potential struggling students in order to provide aid where it is needed; it is the goal of many researchers to even provide su...