When reflecting upon driving system requirements such as security and availability, software architects often face decisions that have a broadly scoped impact on the software architecture. These decisions are the core of the architecting process because they typically have implications intertwined in a multitude of architectural elements and across multiple views. Without a modular representati...

A question that frequently arises for architectural design is \When can I implement a design in style S1 using a design in style S2?" In this paper I propose a technique for structur-ing a solution to this kind of problem using the idea of sub-styles. This technique leads to a two-step process in which rst, useful subsets of a family of architectures are identi-ed, and second, reenement rules s...

A lot of current research efforts in self-adaptive systems community have been dedicated to the explicit modeling of architectural aspects related to system self-awareness and context-awareness. This paper presents a flexible and extensible representation of architectural design spaces for selfadaptation approaches based on feedback control loops. We have defined a generic representation for de...

Development of software-intensive systems nowadays rely extremely on middleware platforms as a major building block especially to handle the distribution issues. This dependency has become even more crucial in the distributed embedded systems environment. As such, the architectural choices of such systems are being driven by middleware platforms. However, diversity and high frequency of evoluti...

In the field of the architectural heritage, the representation of artefacts, particularly for communication purposes, has benefited from the development of computer-based modelling techniques in fields ranging form archaeology to geography. But numerous experts in the above mentioned heritage field have come to question the readability of realistic models inside which the hypothetical nature of...

Manga is a type of stylised bitonal drawings pleasing in terms of screen variety and tidy lines. In this paper, we present a method to draw architecture, spatial compositions and their details, including colours, textures, and tones, using manga drawing techniques. Given a colour image, such as photography, or drawing, our method finds the optimal solution for screening during the bi-tonal tran...

Architectural design is often mediated on two-dimensional representation systems and envisioned three-dimensionally in the pictorial space. The developments of advanced digital technologies have enabled us to create the pictorial representations of un-built design projects that can appear as real as photographs. The visually appealing pictures produced by photorealistic rendering tools are usef...

Over the past decade there has been considerable experimentation with the design of architecture description languages that can provide a formal basis for description and analysis of the architectures of component-based systems. As the eld has matured there has emerged among the software architecture research community general consensus about many aspects of the foundations for architectural re...

The evolutionary optimization of neural networks involves two main design issues: how the neural network is represented genetically, and how that representation is manipulated through genetic operations. We have developed a genetic representation that uses an attribute grammar to encode both topological and architectural information about a neural network. We have defined genetic operators that...

Context: Knowledge management technologies have been employed across software engineering activities for more than two decades. Knowledge-based approaches can be used to facilitate software architecting activities (e.g., architectural evaluation). However, there is no comprehensive understanding on how various knowledge-based approaches (e.g., knowledge reuse) are employed in software architect...