Enzymatic reduction of arsenate to arsenite is the first known step in arsenate metabolism in all organisms. Although the presence of one mRNA arsenate reductase (PvACR2) has been characterized in gametophytes of P. vittata, no arsenate reductase protein has been directly observed in this arsenic hyperaccumulating fern, yet. In order to assess the possible presence of arsenate reductase in P. v...

Phosphate is the main hindrance for the removal of arsenic from the arsenic contaminated waste water. Therefore, phosphate removal from contaminated water has become imperative for the successful removal of arsenic. In the present study, an attempt was made to remove phosphate from the waste water by Acinetobacter sp. in the presence and absence of arsenate. When phosphate (25 ppm) containing s...

Meyerhof (8) has shown that arsenate stimulates the decomposition of carbohydrate and of hexosephosphate esters by the glycolytic enzyme of muscles. This observation brings muscle glycolysis into close relationship with fermentation of sugar by yeast or yeast products. Harden and Young (6) who discovered the stimulating action of the phosphate ion on the process of alcoholic fermentation were l...

Conversion of arsenate to arsenite is a critical event in the pathway that leads from inorganic arsenic to a variety of methylated metabolites. The formation of methylated metabolites influences distribution and retention of arsenic and affects the reactivity and toxicity of these intermediates. Indeed, some of the toxic and carcinogenic effects associated with exposure to arsenate or arsenite ...

We have used yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a tool to identify the importance of mitochondrial processes involved in arsenic-induced carcinogenicity in humans. We screened 466 single-gene knockout strains of yeast S. cerevisiae known to be involved in biogenesis of mitochondria for sodium arsenite (AsIII) and sodium arsenate (AsV) sensitivity. We identified 72 arsenite-sensitive and 81 arsen...

Root extracts from the arsenic (As) hyperaccumulating Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata) were shown to be able to reduce arsenate to arsenite. An arsenate reductase (AR) in the fern showed a reaction mechanism similar to the previously reported Acr2p, an AR from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), using glutathione as the electron donor. Substrate specificity as well as sensitivity toward inhibi...

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been widely used to immobilize many cationic heavy metals in water and soils. Compared with its strong sorption for metal cations, the abilities of HAP to sorb metal anions, such as arsenic, are less significant. Improving HAP sorption for anionic arsenic species is important for expanding its application potential because the presence of arsenic in the environment has ...

Pannonibacter indicus strain HT23T, a highly arsenate-tolerant bacterium, was isolated from a tropical hot spring. The estimated genome is 4.2 Mb with 3,818 protein-coding sequences containing putative genes, some of which are involved in arsenate resistance.