The evolutionary hypotheses on plant-herbivore interaction assume that plant secondary compounds, such as the phlorotannins of brown algae, function as feeding deterrents for herbivores. We studied the effect of seaweed quality on the feeding preferences and performance of the isopod Idotea baltica. We offered I. baltica 6 species of algae, abundant in the Fucus vesiculosus belts where this mes...

INTRODUCTION Individuals exposed to malaria infections for a long time develop immune responses capable of blocking Plasmodium transmission to mosquito vectors, potentially limiting parasite spreading in nature. Development of a malaria TB vaccine requires a better understanding of the mechanisms and main effectors responsible for transmission blocking (TB) responses. The lack of an in vitro cu...

Imposing artificial feeding on people with anorexia nervosa may be unethical. This seems to be Heather Draper's suggestion in her article, 'Anorexia Nervosa and Respecting a Refusal of Life-Prolonging Therapy: A Limited Justification.' Although this is an important point, I shall show that the arguments supporting this point are flawed. Draper should have made a brave claim: she should have cla...

This chapter discusses food intakes, principally of dietary energy, in infants fed in various ways: exclusively from the breast, with breast milk plus supplementary or complementary foods, and by artificial feeding. Changing attitudes toward infant feeding are emphasized, and it is shown that as in many other age groups in industrialized countries, the amounts of food consumed during infancy an...

Results: Pacifier sucking was more frequent than thumb sucking. Exclusive breast feeding was not reported for children either in the 6th or 12th month of age, and approximately 70% were already receiving artificial feeding. There was no association between family social profile and sucking habits, but lower rates of breastfeeding was associated with pacifier sucking in the 12-month old children...

Today, feeding expressed milk, usually by bottle, is being ‘normalised’. This mode of infant feeding has shifted from something needed in relatively few circumstances to the norm, with personal, family, industrial relations, and women’s rights implications. We have seen the feeding of infants with artificial baby milks develop from its rightful place as an option required in only a limited rang...

An artificial feeding unit with a reinforced silicone membrane to replace host skin provides ticks with a perch over blood with a tick attachment rate of 75-100%. Some 5 mg of an acaricide like fipronil is sufficient to establish survival curves over different doses down to ppb levels in blood. This in vitro feeding assay for hard ticks is more advantageous than in vivo trials on animals.

the point. The advice given on the feeding of the child before operation is well worthy of attention ; the practice o? feeding children on one of the many much advertised " artificial foods" is inveighed against. Chapters V and VI are the most interesting and important, and discuss the advantages of the earlier operation on the palate; and the author's dictum is that " the most favourable time ...

Objectives: To verify the patterns of breastfeeding and frequency of non-nutritive sucking habits in children at Chã de Areia Family Health Unit (FHU) in Mogeiro-PB. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study involving 71 mothers of children aged 0 to 24 months. The instrument was a structured interview, being performed by a single professional. Results: We found that 67 (94.4%) children were...

The mechanosensory lateral line system of fishes detects water motions within a few body lengths of the source. Several types of artificial stimuli have been used to probe lateral line function in the laboratory, but few studies have investigated the role of flow sensing in benthic feeding teleosts. In this study, we used artificial flows emerging from a sandy substrate to assess the contributi...