In two self-paced, sentence-by-sentence reading experiments we examined the difference in the processing of Spanish discourses with repeated names, overt pronouns, and null pronouns in emphatic and non-emphatic contexts. In Experiment 1, repeated names and overt pronouns caused a processing delay when they referred to salient antecedents in non-emphatic contexts. In Experiment 2, both processin...

Artistic painting of human portraits are more challenging than landscapes or flowers. Challenges are eye and nose areas where we need to avoid alterations from their natural appearance. Shades or darkness around eyes, or shininess at the nose tip may negatively impact the rendering result if not properly dealt with. The proposed computerized method attempts to be adaptive to those sensitive are...

An eye-movement reading experiment investigated whether the ease with which pronouns are processed is affected by the lexical frequency of their antecedent. Reading times following pronouns with infrequent antecedents were faster than following pronouns with frequent antecedents. We argue that this is consistent with a saliency account, according to which infrequent antecedents are more salient...

English pronouns must agree with their antecedents in number. But in some situations, pronouns violate this constraint, as in "I think I'll order a frozen margarita. I just love them." Three situations are identified in which such violations occur: (1) Plural (and technically illegal) pronouns are used to refer to frequently or multiply occurring items or events (as opposed to a unique item/eve...

Pronouns are commonly used instead of explicitly repeating a name, and, in many cases, we comprehend language faster when pronouns are used instead of repetitive references. This is surprising because pronouns are often ambiguous, whereas repeated names provide precise reference. We used functional MRI to investigate the neural correlates of this paradoxical preference. Reading repeated names e...

In a Hindi to Bengali transfer based machine translation system the baseline lexical transfer module replaces a Hindi word by its most frequent Bengali translation. Some pronouns in Hindi can have multiple translations in Bengali. The choices of actual translations have big impact on the accessibility of the translated sentence. The list of Hindi pronouns is small and their corresponding Bengal...

This paper describes the background and motivations behind author’s electroacoustic game-pieces Pathfinder (2016) ICARUS (2019), designed specifically for his performance practice with an augmented drum kit. The use of game structures in music is outlined, while musical expression context commercial games using conventional controllers discussed. Notions such as agility, agency authorship compo...

intellectual property law is premised traditionally on the protection of inventions (patent), literary and artistic property (copyright), and signs (trade mark); and sui generis rights, such as design law, stand outside this framework and are constantly questioned and re-shaped the fashion industry is an intellectual property (ip) intensive industry, continually generating and commercially expl...

This paper proposes a method to extract rules for anaphora resolution of Japanese zero pronouns from aligned sentence pairs. The method focuses on the characteristics of Japanese and English in which both the language families and the distribution of zero pronouns are very different. In this method, zero pronouns in the Japanese sentence and the English translation equivalents of their antecede...