There is a need for fire modeling tools capable of rapid simulation of fire growth and smoke spread in multiple compartments with complex ventilation. Currently available tools are not capable of simulation of complex ventilation arrangements in a timely manner. To address this problem, a new fire model called Fire and Smoke SIMulator (FSSIM) has been developed. FSSIM is a network model whose c...

The main objective of the research project FUMEXP is to study the potential effect of forest-fire smoke emissions on forest firefighter’s health. FUMEXP implied an extensive number of measurements of individual exposure to smoke pollutants and of medical parameters, for a group of firefighters during fire experiments and wildfires. For the smoke exposure monitoring, ten firefighters from four d...

Firefighting is widely recognized as a hazardous occupation. In particular, fire scenes are unpredictable and dangerous environments characterized by loud noise, high temperatures, flames, smoke with gaseous and particulate toxicants, and potential structural instability of affected buildings, among other hazards. Accordingly, during fire suppression, firefighters are at risk for various injuri...

Smoke simulation is an interesting topic in computer graphics these days. The realistic rendering of smoke scene is one of the most challenging tasks in fluid dynamics of computer graphics. Smoke simulation rendering is based on basics particle system. In this paper, our proposed method based on FDS’s (Fire Dynamic Simulation) output the result of the Excel file which improves DirectX for effec...

Subway is consisted of tunnels, platforms and ventilation shafts. The air flow between these structures forms a ventilation network. There is a need for fire modeling tools capable of both rapid and precise simulation for fire and smoke propagation in such ventilation network. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is widely used in subway fire performance design. However, the boundary conditions u...

The Rim Fire of 2013, the third largest area burned by fire recorded in California history, is simulated by a climate model coupled with a size-resolved aerosol model. Modeled aerosol mass, number, and particle size distribution are within variability of data obtained from multiple-airborne in situ measurements. Simulations suggest that Rim Fire smoke may block 4-6% of sunlight energy reaching ...

Fire is a natural disturbance in many ecosystems, although one that can have adverse impacts, particularly to nearby communities. Prescribed fire is an important tool for land managers as its judicious use can allow fire back into ecosystems to perform its essential role in maintaining ecosystem health and function while minimizing adverse impacts on the local community. Smoke is the prime adve...

Both microscopic and mesoscopic models use Helbing’s movement model for estimating the characteristics of an evacuation. Because Helbing’s movement model does not consider the effect of smoke, the influence of smoke on walking speed and the toxic gas effect of the combustion gas were used for applying the smoke effect on human behavior. However, these models cannot consider the psychological pr...

Understanding of variations of human behaviour in fire is essential for predicting response to a developing fire. Victims of fire have characteristics that may predispose them to not being aroused from sleep by signals coming from the fire itself. The ability of people without these risk characteristics to wake to fire cues in time to avoid harm has received little attention and it is generally...

Past and current forest management affects wildland fire smoke impacts on downwind human populations. However, mismatches between the scale of benefits and risks make it difficult to proactively manage wildland fires to promote both ecological and public health. Building on recent literature and advances in modeling smoke and health effects, we outline a framework to more directly quantify and ...