Although the epileptogenic properties of estrogens have been widely demonstrated in several models and species, the mechanism(s) by which estrogens can acutely change seizure parameters including after discharge and seizure duration remain remains to be determined. In the present study, we examined the role of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate), non-NMDA and estrogenic receptors in estradiol benzoate ...

Amphetamine (AMPH) induces behavioral sensitization and neurotoxicity primarily by enhancing the dopamine-mediated neurotransmission. However, the involvement of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in AMPH-induced neuropathology is also known. Recent investigation has found that high concentration of dopamine could inhibit NMDA receptor-mediated responses by blocking the NMDA receptor chan...

the n-methyl-d-aspartic acid (nmda) receptor is one of the specific types of ionotropic receptors which lied to glutaminergic system. it has been widely accepted that nmda receptor neurons promote anxiety, in humans as well as in animal models. however, in the previous study seems inhibiting of this receptors decreased the protective role in neural cell. demonstration of nmda receptor activity ...

Objective: Considering that cannabinoids protect neurons against neurodegeneration, in this study, the neuroprotective effect of WIN55,212-2 in paraoxon induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells and the role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor were evaluated. Materials and Methods: In this study PC12 cells were maintained in Dulbecco's modified eagle’s medium (DMEM+F12) culture medium supplem...

In the neuromuscular junction of the crayfish, the excitatory neurotransmitter is glutamate. There are two types of glutamate receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors, both of which have been demonstrated to be present in the opener muscle and deep abdominal extensor muscle. The crayfish fast extensor muscle, however, is an understudied preparation whose receptor types are ...

The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. Vol. 208 No. 7 949–959 www.jcb.org/cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.201404092 JCB 949 Correspondence to Zheng Li: [email protected]; or Jun Zhu: [email protected] Abbreviations used in this paper: AMPAR, -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor; ANOVA, analysis of variance; AP5, (2R)-amino5-phosphonovaleric acid; DIV, days in vitro...

objective(s): we aimed to examine association of gene expression of mor1 and glun1 at mrna level in the lumbosacral cord and midbrain with morphine tolerance in male wistar rats. materials and methods: analgesic effects of morphine administrated intraperitoneally at doses of 0.1, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg were examined using a hot plate test in rats with and without a history of 15 days morphine (10 mg...

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a subtype of ligand-gated ionotropic glutamate receptors that are involved in most fast, excitatory neuronal transmission in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). NMDA receptor activity is crucial for normal brain function, and NMDA receptor dysregulation has been linked to a number of diseases of the CNS. There are several NMDA receptor subtypes....

anti n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (nmdr) encephalitis has been recognized as the most frequent autoimmune encephalitis in children after acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (adem).however due to the variable the variable clinical presentation, the paucity of specific finding on standard laboratory and radiological investigation remains under recognized. first discribed in 2005, most commonly...

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (Anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis is an acute autoimmune neurological disorder that can be triggered by virus, H1N1/tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis and polio vaccines or by presence of a tumor. The association between anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis vaccination was examined and a general protocol of phylogenetic method which details the steps and...