Multiple ownership [4] introduced a novel approach to managing object ownership information called “owners-as-boxes”. Each object is placed in a “box” or context and the nesting relationship between “boxes” or contexts respects the object accesses that happen during the program’s execution. No restrictions are placed on which objects are allowed to access which other objects, rather the ownersh...

The provision of public goods plays a key role in the survival leaders democracies. Assuming that mass rail transport shares many characteristics goods, we claim railway services is more beneficial for political democracies than private provision. To estimate effect type on leader survival, use new data four European present variation and ownership miles between 1913 1981. We find increases haz...

journal of accounting advances (j.a.a) vol. 2, no. 2, fall & winter 2010, ser. 59/3     extended abstract   an investigation of agency theory and signaling theory in dividend policies: the role of institutional investors   dr. g. r. karami         dr. s. mehrani               h. eskandar tehran university   introduction        dividend has a special position among decision makers. dividend poli...

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is an upcoming technology with a large potential, but it also introduces a number of threats. Ownership transfer has been introduced to mitigate the risks which are caused by changes in ownership of RFID tags. We present formal definitions for ownership and ownership transfer in RFID systems and their secure variants. These definitions can be used to verify...

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Abstract One of the most fundamental probabilities is probability at a particular point. The local limit theorem well-known that estimates this probability. In paper, we estimate by density function normal distribution in case lattice integer-valued random variables. Our technique characteristic method. We complete to relax third moment condition Siripraparat and Neammanee (J. Inequal. Appl. 20...

A common sales tactic is for a seller to encourage a potential customer to make her purchase decision quickly. We consider a market with sequential consumer search in which firms often encourage first-time visitors to buy immediately, either by making an “exploding offer” (which permits no return once the consumer leaves) or by offering a “buy-now discount” (which makes the price paid for immed...

Diamond (1991) also posits that firms with high leverage might prefer long-term debt to avoid suboptimal liquidation, thus predicting a positive relation between leverage (LEVERAGE) and debt maturity. Myers (1977) argues that agency costs between shareholders and bondholders can be reduced by matching the maturity of assets (ASSET_MAT) to the maturity of liabilities. All else equal, firms with ...