Cancer is the consequence of an unwanted evolutionary process. Cells receive mutations that alter their phenotype. Especially dangerous are those mutations that increase the net reproductive rate of cells, thereby leading to neoplasia and later to cancer. The standard models of evolutionary dynamics consider well mixed populations of individuals in symmetric positions. Here we introduce a spati...

A non-perturbative local moment approach to single-particle dynamics of the general asymmetric Anderson impurity model is developed. The approach encompasses all energy scales and interaction strengths. It captures thereby strong coupling Kondo behaviour, including the resultant universal scaling behaviour of the single-particle spectrum; as well as the mixed valent and essentially perturbative...

Normality of random effects and error terms is a routine assumption for linear effects mixed models. However, such assumption may be unrealistic, obscuring important features of withinand among-unit variation. A simple and robust Bayesian parametric approach that relaxes this assumption by using a multivariate Skew elliptical distributions, which includes the Skew-t, Skew-normal, t-Student, and...

Abstract Although Bayesian linear mixed effects models are increasingly popular for analysis of within-subject designs in psychology and other fields, there remains considerable ambiguity on the most appropriate Bayes factor hypothesis test to quantify degree which data support presence or absence an experimental effect. Specifically, different choices both null model alternative possible, each...

in this article, we estimate the vertical price transmission through the iranian rice marketing chain by usingmonthly data from march 2000 to february, 2009 and error correction model (ecm).the causality testresults indicate that changes in the producer price clearly led changes in wholesale and retail prices. inproducer-retail and wholesale-retail models, price transmission is asymmetric but i...