We study hydrogen plasmas at magnetic fields B ∼ 10 − 10 G, densities ρ ∼ 10 − 10 g cm and temperatures T ∼ 10−10 K, typical of photospheres of middle-aged cooling neutron stars. We construct an analytical free energy model of the partially ionized plasma, including into consideration the decentred atomic states, which arise due to the thermal motion across the strong field. We show that these ...

Octafluorocyclobutane, c-C4F8, and its derivatives are regarded as promising replacements of insulation gaseous SF6, which are currently widely used in electric equipment but suffer greatly from its greenhouse effect. Based on the recent finding that the dielectric and thermodynamics properties of insulating gases are greatly dependent on the molecule's microscopic electronic and vibrational pa...

This paper presents an efficient, physics-based procedural model for the real-time animation and visualization of cumulus clouds at landscape size. We couple a coarse Lagrangian model of air parcels with a procedural amplification using volumetric noise. Our Lagrangian model draws an aerology i.e., the atmospheric physics of hydrostatic atmosphere with thermodynamics transforms, augmented by a ...

Clouds play an important role in regulating atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics by redistributing momentum, thermal and moisture through mixing, latent heat release, and microphysical processes. However, conventional observational data for such important parameters are usually not available. An operational cloud verification system is being developed at the Joint Center for Satellite Data A...

Pioneer Venus observations of temperatures and radiative fluxes are examined in an attempt to understand the thermal balance of the lower atmosphere. If all observations are correct and the probe sites are typical of the planet, the second law of thermodynamics requires that the bulk of the lower atmosphere heating must come from a source other than direct sunlight or a thermally driven atmosph...

Challenging problems and research have been considered as vital components of Aerospace Engineering curricula. Some Engineering, Computer Science, and Math Courses in American colleges have been analyzed to find positive factors that would be helpful in mutually beneficial cooperation between colleges and industry. The analysis of traditional and modern applications of the course concepts [desi...

Nocturnal cooling of urban areas governs the evolution of thermal state and many thermal-driven environmental issues in cities, especially those suffer strong urban heat island (UHI) effect. Advances in the fundamental understanding of the underlying physics of nighttime UHI involve disentangling complex contributing effects and remains an open challenge. In this study, we develop new numerical...

Abstract Starting from the general, governing equations for a viscous, compressible fluid, with an associated description of its thermodynamics, we outline asymptotic derivation based on thin-shell approximation. [The details appear in another publication.] This produces reduced system which retain all dynamics and thermodynamics steady atmosphere, approximation alone being basis construction s...

We have studied the hydration of sulfuric acid – ammonia and sulfuric acid – dimethylamine clusters using quantum chemistry. We calculated the formation energies and thermodynamics for clusters of one ammonia or one dimethylamine molecule together with 1–2 sulfuric acid and 0–5 water molecules. The results indicate that dimethylamine enhances the addition of sulfuric acid to the clusters much m...

Of the 20 amino acids used in proteins, 10 were formed in Miller's atmospheric discharge experiments. The two other major proposed sources of prebiotic amino acid synthesis include formation in hydrothermal vents and delivery to Earth via meteorites. We combine observational and experimental data of amino acid frequencies formed by these diverse mechanisms and show that, regardless of the sourc...