A series of greenhouse experiments was conducted to elucidate the postinfection development of Heterodera glycines in response to applications of alachlor and fenamiphos. The rate of H. glycines maturation on a susceptible soybean cultivar was not altered by 1.0 mug alachlor/g soil but was completely inhibited by 1.0 or 1.5 mug fenamiphos/g soil. An alachlor-fenamiphos combination allowed devel...

3 Alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] is a 4 widely used herbicide that has been identified as a groundwater contaminant. Several 5 slow-release formulations (SRFs) of this herbicide have been examined for their 6 capacity to reduce its leaching and enhance weed control. A field experiment was 7 performed to determine alachlor leaching and bioefficacy in: (i) a ...

Conservation tillage mitigates soil loss in cropland because plant residues help protect the soil, but effects on pesticide movement in surface runoff are not as straightforward. Effects of soil disturbance on surface runoff loss of chlorimuron and alachlor were evaluated utilizing runoff trays. Soil in the trays was either disturbed (tilled) and kept bare or was not tilled, and existing decomp...

The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) is a one-dimensional, numerical model for simulating water movement and chemical transport under a variety of management and weather scenarios at the field scale. The pesticide module of RZWQM includes detailed algorithms that describe the complex interactions between pesticides and the environment. We have simulated a range of situations with RZWQM, in...

We read with interest the article "Developmental Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Wildlife and Humans," by Colborn et al. (EHP 101: 378-384). This paper reviews the important issue of potential long-term consequences resulting from exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during early life. In this article, the authors primarily discuss agents that interfere with the functioning o...

Herbicides are generally the most extensively used of the pesticides applied to agricultural crops. However, the literature contains little evidence useful in assessing the potential sources of the general population's exposure to herbicides, including by residential proximity to crops. The objective of this study was to take advantage of data from the PELAGIE mother-child cohort to identify th...

We recently isolated a Pseudomonas sp. strain W15Feb9B from Ochlockonee River, Florida and demonstrated potent biodegradative activity against two commonly used pesticides - Alachlor [(2-chloro-2',6'-diethylphenyl-N (methoxymethyl)acetanilide)] and Endosulfan [(6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9methano-2,3,4-benzo(e)di-oxathiepin-3-oxide], respectively. To further identify the...

Pesticides applied on crops are leached with rainfall to groundwater and surface water. They threat the aquatic environment and may render water unfit for human consumption. Pesticide partitioning is one of the pesticide fate processes in the environment that should be properly formalised in pesticide fate models. Based on the analysis of 7 pesticide molecules (alachlor, atrazine, atrazine's tr...