In 2005, Liao et al. pointed out the weaknesses of Das et al.’s dynamic ID-based remote user authentication scheme using smart cards, and then proposed a slight modification thereof to overcome these weaknesses. The current paper, however, demonstrates that Liao et al.’s scheme is still vulnerable to reflection attacks, privileged insider’s attacks, and impersonation attacks by using lost or st...

Radiation therapy, often called radiotherapy, can be defined as the use of high-energy radiation such as x-rays, gamma rays, electrons, protons and neutrons to kill cancer cells and reduce the size of tumors. Shortly after the discovery of the x-ray by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen and radioactivity by Marie and Pierre Curie about 100 years ago, the mysterious and powerful radiations were being used ...

abstract background: adjacent treatment fields are commonly used in external beam radiation therapy, such as mantle and inverted-y fields for the treatment of hodgkin’s disease and craniospinal fields used in the treatment of medulloblastoma and head and neck tumors when the lateral neck fields are placed adjacent to the anterior supraclavicular field. in each of these situations, there is a po...

background: fatigue is a common side effect in cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy (rt). radiation-induced fatigue affects the quality of life, but there is no definitive treatment option. in this study, the weight-loaded forced swim test was performed to assess the effect of coenzyme q10 (coq10) on radiation-induced fatigue. materials and methods: a total of 60 rats were divided rando...

background: in conventional radiation therapy, regarding normal tissue tolerance, the treatment of bulk tumors is one of the remaining challenges. grid radiation therapy (grt) is a technique to deliver high doses, approximately 15 – 20 gy per fraction, to several small volumes located in a large radiation field. this can be performed using a grid block. the current work has concentrated on the ...

Introduction: Radiotherapy is a common treatment modality for patients with head and neck malignancies. As the nose lies within the field of radiotherapy of the head and neck, the olfactory fibers and olfactory receptors may be affected by radiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in olfactory threshold in patients with head and neck malignancies who have received radiation to th...

This paper studies the security requirements for remote authentication and communication in smart grid systems. Though smart card based authentication techniques have been a successful solution for addressing key management challenges in several cryptographic authentication systems, they may not be applicable to smart grid systems. For example, in order to unlock the credentials stored in tampe...