multiple sclerosis (ms) is an autoimmune disease in which auto-reactive t cells react with self-antigens expressed in the central nervous system (cns). the main cause of ms is unknown. nonetheless, the most probable theory is based on molecular mimicry, which suggests that some infections can activate t cells against brain auto-antigens like myelin proteolipid protein (plp) and initiate the dis...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by widespread inflammation, focal demyelination and a variable degree of axonal and neuronal loss. ionic conductances regulate t cell activation as well as neuronal function and thus have been found to play a crucial role in ms pathogenesis. since present therapeutical approaches are only parti...

dementia is defined as significant acquired cognitive impairment in one or more cognitive domains that represents a significant decline from previous baseline and interferes with independence in daily activities. autoimmune dementia is a term that has been used to describe a steroid-responsive autoimmune disorder characterized by a rapidly progressive dementia with a fluctuating course. even co...

multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune cns-disease characterized by inflammatory neurodegenerative events occurring with de- and remyelination. recent evidence show that demyelinated neurons are less excitable than myelinated ones while at early stages of remyelination these neurons seem to be hyperexcitable. the latter is a transitory condition that, very likely, leads to impaired neuronal networ...

patients with limbic encephalitis usually present with new onset mesial temporal lobe seizures, progressive memory disturbance, and a variety of other behavioral, emotional, and cognitive changes. autoimmune inflammation of the limbic gray matter structures of the human brain has recently been identified as major cause of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with interictal temporal epileptiform activ...

autoimmune myasthenia gravis (mg) is a unique disease among all autoimmune disorders in two ways. first, there are a wide range of sub-specialties involved in the diagnosis and management of mg; secondly mg is an autoimmune disorder whose autoimmunity is well established. in this paper i will cover these topics: history and epidemiology of mg followed by a brief overview on physiology of neurom...

background: autoimmune hepatitis (aih) in childhood has variable modes of presentation, and the disease should be suspected and excluded in all children presenting with symptoms and signs of prolonged or severe acute liver disease. in aih, the liver biopsy histopathology shows inflammation in addition to presence of serum autoimmune antibodies and increased levels of immunoglobulin g (igg). obj...