This study aimed to investigate and identify the grammatical features of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) used in song lyrics Indonesian Rapper Ramengvrl’s album, Can’t Speak English, understand underlying reasons for this AAVE use by applying language society sociolinguistics approach. The data was analyzed using Wolfram’s theory classification songs elaborate on purpose its use. wer...

The Yemeni EFL learners are prone to share their knowledge and views regarding what how say. constraints of combining this expertise have hampered learners’ writing success. Those obstacles can cause make errors. Error Analysis (EA) Surface Strategy Taxonomy (SST) were used analyze linguistic causes also investigated. This research a qualitative process style use case study approach. Ellis’ fiv...

A string generating hypergraph grammar is a hyperedge replacement grammar where the resulting language consists of string graphs i.e. hypergraphs modeling strings. With the help of these grammars, string languages like anbncn can be modeled that can not be generated by context-free grammars for strings. They are well suited to model discontinuous constituents in natural languages, i.e. constitu...

We propose a model for knowledge attribution and epistemic evaluation in scientific discourse, consisting of three dimensions with different values: source (author, other, unknown); value (unknown, possible, probable, presumed true) and basis (reasoning, data, other). Based on a literature review, we investigate four linguistic features that mark different types epistemic evaluation (modal auxi...

The paper describes an experimental graphical hu-man/computer interface. It shows a new approach to machine translation for monolinguals, which supports interactive foreign-language generation and post-editing. By making functional choices using bilingual menus, Japanese users can interactively generate short English sentences containing complex auxiliary verb groups like \might have done", \ou...

Taking Hindi presumptive modality as a case study, this paper argues that modality is detrimental in an overall organization of the tense-aspect system in languages in which these categories are marked, although only tense and aspect categories have attracted much attention in linguistic research. The paper analyzes different usages of the future form of the Hindi verb honā ‘to be’ – both as a ...

In this paper, we systematically assess the value of using web-scale N-gram data in state-of-the-art supervised NLP classifiers. We compare classifiers that include or exclude features for the counts of various N-grams, where the counts are obtained from a web-scale auxiliary corpus. We show that including N-gram count features can advance the state-of-the-art accuracy on standard data sets for...

We investigate the on-line processing of verb-phrase ellipsis (VPE) constructions in two brain injured populations: Broca's and Anomic aphasics. VPE constructions are built from two simple clauses; the first is the antecedent clause and the second is the ellipsis clause. The ellipsis clause is missing its verb and object (i.e., its verb phrase (VP)), which receives its reference from the fully ...

1 Mandative constructions: Delimiting the object of the study Mandative constructions express that a certain action (should) be performed or a certain state be achieved. In terms of illocutionary acts, they are directives. They can be independent or dependent. The verbal syntagm of independent mandative constructions is either in the imperative or in the subjunctive mood (e.g. close the window,...