Even in the era of gene-expression profiling, the nodal status still remains the primary prognostic discriminant in breast cancer patients. The exclusion of node involvement using noninvasive methods could reduce the rate of axillary surgery, thereby preventing from suffering complications. However, lymphatic mapping with sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is one of the most interesting recent developm...

BACKGROUND Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping using in vivo near infrared fluorescence imaging has attracted great attention during the past few years. Here we report on the early use of poorly water-soluble chlorophyll with near infrared fluorescence extracted from the leaf of Chimonanthus salicifolius, for mouse axillary SLN mapping. METHODS AND RESULTS To improve the water solubility and SL...

Reverse subdivision aims at constructing a coarser representation of an object given by a fine polygon mesh. In this paper, we first derive a mask for reverse Loop subdivision that can be applied to both regular and extraordinary vertices. The mask is parameterized, and thus can also be used in reversing variants of Loop subdivision, such as those proposed by Warren and Litke. We apply this mas...

Objective: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a validated staging technique for breast carcinoma. Some women are exposed to have a second SLNB due to breast cancer recurrence or a second neoplasia (breast or other). Due to modified anatomy, it has been claimed that previous axillary surgery represents a contra-indication to SLNB. Our objective was to analyse the literature to assess if a seco...

proximal humerus fractures are common, but associated injury of the axillary artery is uncommon. the majority of published blunt traumatic axillary artery injuries are associated with anterior glenohumeral dislocation; a few are associated with isolated proximal humerus fractures or fracture-dislocation. experience within our institution demonstrates that axillary artery injury is often unrecog...

Many image processing algorithms exist in pairs: a forward mapping version and a reverse mapping version [9], [10]. In this paper we show that the forward and reverse versions of spatially-varying convolution filters are transpose to each other. We will then show how an implementation of a function that operates linearly on a set of variables may be transformed into an implementation of its tra...

Axillary nodal status is the most important prognostic factor for patients with breast cancer. Clinical assessment and imaging modalities are not always reliable. Surgical removal and histopathological examination of axillary lymph nodes remain essential methods of staging the axilla and planning breast cancer therapy (Chu et al, 2010; Perry, 2001) But whether axillary lymph node dissection imp...

Because the tumor status of the regional lymph nodes is the most important prognostic factor in patients with early-stage breast cancer, accurate histopathologic assessment of these nodes is essential for optimal management, including the selection of candidates for adjuvant systemic therapies. Intraoperative lymphatic mapping using a vital blue dye, with or without a radiocolloid, can identify...

AIMS In patients with early breast cancer sentinel node biopsy (SNB) proved to be an accurate procedure for axillary staging with significantly reduced morbidity. Medium- and long-term observational studies are needed to establish, whether SNB alone is able to prevent locoregional recurrence without impairing long-term survival. METHODS 298 patients with invasive breast cancer were subjected ...

PURPOSE The negative sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy avoids conventional axillary dissection in patients with breast cancer with clinically negative axilla. Despite negative SLN, there is a risk of leaving involved non-SLN behind in the axilla. We investigated the predictive power of tumor characteristics for non-SLN metastasis. METHODS Lymphatic mapping with blue dye method for SLN biopsy a...