We obtain abundances of α, iron peak and neutron capture (n-capture) process elements in four Ba stars HD26886, HD27271, HD50082 and HD98839 based on high resolution, high signal-to-noise spectra. We find that all of these Ba stars are disk stars. Their α and iron peak elements are similar to the solar abundances. The n-capture process elements are overabundant relative to the Sun. In particula...

1 (1) Two approaches to meanings (2) The lifting lemma (3) When is the lifting an extension? (4) Applications to artificial languages (5) Applications to natural languages (6) References 2 1. Two approaches to meanings A. Aristotle (4th c. BC) Separate words have meanings. The meaning of a sentence is the result of combining the meanings of the words in it. The meaning of a sentence is the embo...

Chomsky (1957) o ered prescient suggestions about how to formulate theories of understanding for the spoken languages that human children can naturally acquire. We can view his proposal as a prolegomenon to a theory of meaning that combines a layered theory of syntax with an account of how humans can naturally use expressions in acts of referring, asserting, querying, and so on; cp. Austin (196...

Meanings are constructed situationally by the participants in interaction, as they construe intent in each other’s uttered words. A well-known story (said to be a favorite of both Vygotsky and Bakhtin) tells of a group of sailors having a nuanced exchange by repeating the same expletive to each other, but with a different intonation and timing at each turn. This polysemousness of words is equal...

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What does the word ‘trust’ mean? Scholars continue to express concern regarding their collective lack of consensus about trust’s meaning. Conceptual confusion on trust makes comparing one trust study to another problematic. To facilitate cumulative trust research, the authors propose two kinds of trust typologies: (a) a classification system for types of trust, and (b) definitions of six relate...