Babesial parasites infect cattle in tropical and temperate regions of the world and cause significant morbidity and mortality. Discovery of protective antigens that could be used in a killed vaccine has been slow and to date there are few promising vaccine candidates for cattle Babesia. This review describes mechanisms of protective innate and adaptive immune responses to babesial parasites and...

Cloned lines of Babesia bovis were prepared from the avirulent vaccine strain, Ka, by an in vivo limiting dilution procedure. The virulence of these clones for adult Bos taurus cattle varied from completely avirulent to highly virulent. This suggests that the parent strain, Ka, is composed of a mixture of subpopulations of varied virulence. Passage of the avirulent clone K-19-47 in intact (nons...

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against B. bovis and B. bigemina in calves from the region of Araguaína, State of Tocantins, Brazil. In this research we used sera obtained from 506 calves, from both genders and of 8 to 24 months old, to detect antibodies by indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA-test). Statistical analysis of the data was perfo...

A study was conducted to develop a Trypanosoma vivax (T. vivax) specific PCR based on the T. vivax proline racemase (TvPRAC) gene. Forward and reverse primers were designed that bind at 764-783 bp and 983-1002 bp of the gene. To assess its specificity, TvPRAC PCR was conducted on DNA extracted from different haemotropic pathogens: T. vivax from Nigeria, Ethiopia and Venezuela, T. congolense Sav...

Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) is a hematophagous ectoparasite that mainly parasitizes sheep. In addition to causing inflammation, wool loss, and skin damage the animal hosts, M. also serves as vector for variety of pathogens highly likely participate in life transmission cycle pathogenic organisms. Herein, we investigated presence molecular characterization vector-borne from Qinghai-Tibet Plate...

Although the largest buffalo herd in the occident is in the north region of Brazil, few studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of selected parasitic diseases in buffalo herd. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate the epidemiological of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, and Babesia bovis in water buffaloes in the north re...