background: hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a main public health problem causing chronic liver infection and subsequently liver cirrhosis and lethal hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). vaccination based on hcv capsid proteins has attracted a special interest for prevention of viral infections. the core protein is a basic and evolutionary most conserved protein, which regulates the cellular processes rel...

AIDS is a global pandemic that has seen the development of novel and effective treatments to improve the quality of life of those infected and reduction of spread of the disease. Palmitic Acid (PA), which we identified and isolated from Sargassum fusiforme, is a naturally occurring fatty acid that specifically inhibits HIV entry by binding to a novel pocket on the CD4 receptor. We also identifi...

diet can play a vital role in cancer prevention. nowadays the scientists are looking for food materials which can potentially prevent the cancer occurrence. the purpose of this research is to examine anti-mutagenic and apoptotic effects of apigenin in human lymphoma cells. in present study human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (eheb cell line) were cultured in rpmi 1640 (sigma), supplemented with ...

A C-to-T transition mutation in the neuraminidase gene from seasonal A/H1N1 causes a His-to-Tyr mutation at amino acid position 275 (H274Y, universal N2 numbering), conferring resistance against oseltamivir (Tamiflu). This mutation was first detected in clinical samples in Europe during the 2007-2008 influenza season. Viruses with this mutation reached a prevalence of ∼11% by the end of the sea...

Identification and quantification of phylogenetically defined bacterial populations in the environment are often performed using molecular tools targeting 16S rRNA. Fluorescence in situ hybridization has been used to monitor the expression and processing of rRNA by targeting the 3' tail of precursor 16S rRNA. To expand this approach, we employed reverse transcription of total RNA using primer S...

For some time, the reversibility of evolution was primarily discussed in terms of comparative patterns. Only recently has this problem been studied using experimental evolution over shorter evolutionary time frames. This has raised questions of definition, experimental procedure, and the hypotheses being tested. Experimental evolution has provided evidence for multiple population genetic mechan...

The mutagenicity of cefodizime sodium (THR-221) was investigated by the reverse mutation test using seven bacterial strains (Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100, TA98, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538, and Escherichia coli strains WP2 and WP2uvrA) and the chromosomal aberration test with cultured Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells. The reverse mutation test was carried out in dose range from 0.0025 to ...

Efavirenz (EFV), a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor, also inhibits HIV-1 particle release through enhanced Gag/Gag-Pol processing by protease (PR). To better understand the mechanisms of the EFV-mediated enhancement of Gag processing, we examined the intracellular localization of Gag/Gag-Pol processing products and their precursors. Confocal microscopy revealed that in the pre...

Background: Magnetic separation using magnetic nanoparticles can be used as a simple method to isolate desulfurizing bacteria from a biphasic oil/water system. Objectives: Magnetite nanoparticles were applied to coat the surface of Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8 and Rhodococcus erythropolis FMF desulfurizing bacterial cells, and the viability and...

BackgroundThe resistance to first-line drugs can increase the risk of treatment failure and development other anti-TB drugs. In TB endemic settings, a considerable rate recurrence cases exhibited each, year which adds significant burden prevalence disease worldwide.MethodsA total 562 sputum samples were collected from presumptive positive clinical MDR tuberculosis. Treatment history demographic...