A new method of generation a Structured Laser Beam (SLB) with non-diverging central core was proposed and is promising for creating long distance multipoint alignment systems. This beam generated by set-up consisting two convex lenses in Kepler telescope arrangement. The first one high refractive index ball lens, second standard lens. beam, cross-section light dark concentric circles, propagate...

The network embedded control lab, neclab, is a software environment designed to allow easy deployment of networked embedded control systems, in particular wireless networked embedded control systems (wnecs). A wnecs is a collection of interconnected plant sensors, digital controllers, and plant actuators which communicate with each other over wireless channels. In this paper neclab is introduce...

Abstract: This paper addresses discrete sliding mode control of nonlinear systems. The nonlinear system is identified as a Hammerstein model firstly to isolate the nonlinearity from the sliding surface design. An MPC law is employed to design the sliding surface. Then Utkins method of equivalent control is used. The method illustrates the effect of the nonlinearity on reaching control. The ball...

A disk Wang-Bézier type generalized Ball curve is a Wang-Bézier type generalized Ball curve whose control points are disks in a plane. It can be viewed as a parametric curve with error tolerances. In this paper, we discuss the problem of degree reduction of disk Wang-Bézier type generalized Ball curve, that is, bounding disk Wang-Bézier type generalized Ball curves with lower degree disk Wa...

* Department of Teacher Training in Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Education, King’s Mongkut Institute of Technology North Bangkok. Abstract This paper describes fuzzy sliding-mode control (FSMC), a fuzzy logic control based upon variable structure techniques. A variable structure approach is designed with guaranteed stability properties. A ball and beam system is used here as an ...

Despite the fact that soccer is one of the most popular sports in the world, little attention has been paid to this game scientifically which could otherwise provide a broad range of interesting outcomes. Sport equipment has a significant effect on how a game is played. Different features of the soccer ball such as its size, structure, weight and potential incoming pressure also affect the natu...

background & aim:  considering the fact that cesarean section (c-section) poses greater risks of maternal and neonatal complications, compared to vaginal delivery, scholars seek different strategies to decrease the prevalence of this surgical procedure. birth ball exercises during pregnancy are among the proposed strategies. thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of using birth ball dur...