Background and purpose: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) include blood-borne viruses that have infected millions of people worldwide. During haircut or shaving, barbers may accidentally expose their clients’ blood, transmit their own infection to them, or transmit the infection from one client to another. Hence, the knowledge of barbers toward topics related to AIDS is of great importa...

The roles and practices of informal health care providers were studied in 2 Egyptian villages, focusing on practices which might be associated with the bloodborne transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the study areas, many people resorted to male providers for injections, dentistry, wound treatment and male circumcision. Traditional birth attendants oversaw > 50% of all births. "Injection...

The paper aims to analyze and comment on a booklet written and published at the end of the eighteenth century by Joseph Frank , son of the even more famous Johann Peter Frank. In this work the author takes on the task of educating the public to weigh carefully the medical professional to choose the most suitable and capable to safeguard the health of citizens. The figure of the doctor is consid...

A population-based case-control study was conducted in Los Angeles, California, which involved 1,514 incident cases of bladder cancer and an equal number of age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched controls. Information on personal use of hair dyes was obtained from 897 cases and their matched controls. After adjustment for cigarette smoking, a major risk factor for bladder cancer, women who used perma...

Andrew Taylor Still, MD, DO, founded the first school of osteopathy, the American School of Osteopathy (ASO), in 1892. Two graduates from the second class of the ASO, Elmer and Helen Barber, opened the "second school of osteopathy," the National School of Osteopathy (NSO), in 1895. The guiding principles of the NSO were vastly different than those of the ASO, and Still saw the Barbers as a thre...

Koper stands out among Istrian towns of the nordeastern Adriatic coast for its highly advanced medicine. Communal service developed between the 13th and 15th century. Beside the hospital, almshouse and a quarantine, the city also boasted highly trained physicians, surgeons and barbers. Trade, crafts and navigation prospered and numerous town intellectuals established an academy whose most activ...