The subcellular compartmentation of nucleoside diphosphate kinase (EC 2.7.4.6) and the uridine nucleotides has been studied in leaves. Membrane filtration of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaf mesophyll protoplasts and differential centrifugation of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaf extracts showed that about half the nucleoside diphosphate kinase is present in the cytosol. The activity is adeq...

the effects of water deficit on grain yield, yield components and the physiological char-acteristics of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) varieties were studied in a split plot design dur-ing the 1999-2000 growing season in karaj, iran. five irrigation levels [0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% crop water requirements (cwr)] and six barley varieties karoon kavir , rei-hani(drought tolerant), torkman , c-74-9 (i...

During early stages of infestation by Russian wheat aphids (Diuraphis noxia [Mordvilko]; RWAs), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaf cells collapsed and showed autofluorescence in the mesophyll and bundle sheath adjacent to the RWA stylet sheath. The response was visually similar to the hypersensitive cell death response, typical of resistance to microbial pathogens. Resistant barley produced signi...

A set of 23 recombinant lines (RLs) of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) derived from H. vulgare · H. bulbosum L. crosses was inoculated with barley leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) at the seedling stage to identify their levels and mechanisms of resistance. Eight RLs were studied further in glasshouse and field tests. All three barley parents ( Emir , G...

The cDNA encoding sucrose-fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT) from barley (Hordeum vulgare) has been expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, using a translational fusion into vector pPICZ alphaC, containing the N-terminal signal sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor to allow entry into the secretory pathway. Transformed Pichia produced and secreted a functional 6-S...

The effect of the S nutritional status on a plant's capability to cope with Fe shortage was studied in solution cultivation experiments in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Europa). Barley is a Strategy II plant and responds to Fe deficiency by secretion of chelating compounds, phytosiderophores (PS). All PS are derived from nicotianamine whose precursor is methionine. This suggests that a long-te...

Describing genetic diversity in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) in geographic and environmental space in the context of current, past and potential future climates is important for conservation and for breeding the domesticated crop (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare). Spatial genetic diversity in wild barley was revealed by both nuclear- (2,505 SNP, 24 nSSR) and chloroplast-derived (5...

Several papers have appeared in the literature since 1992 which refer to a major "isoflavonoid" antioxidant in young green barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare) as 2''-O-glucosylisovitexin. In the present paper the original NMR data supporting this structural assignment are examined and found to have been misinterpreted. HPLC and NMR data are used to prove that the major flavonoid antioxidants in you...

This article represents some current thinking and objectives in the use of molecular markers to abiotic stress tolerance. Barley has been chosen for study as it is an important crop species, as well as a model for genetic and physiological studies. It is an important crop and, because of its well-studied genetics and physiology, is an excellent candidate in which to devise more efficient breedi...

SIRE1 is an active and relatively high copy-number retroelement belongs to the Tyl/Copia long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon superfamily. Distinctive elements (ENV GAG) distributions in barley genome were observed by using fluorescent situ hybridization (FISH). We performed PCR obtain tetramethylrhodamine-dUTP (TRITC)-labelled probes. Localizations of ENV GAG domains demonstrated under c...