This article represents some current thinking and objectives in the use of molecular markers to abiotic stress tolerance. Barley has been chosen for study as it is an important crop species, as well as a model for genetic and physiological studies. It is an important crop and, because of its well-studied genetics and physiology, is an excellent candidate in which to devise more efficient breedi...

A comparative study of peptide composition and freeze-fracture morphology of chloroplast membranes from a chlorophyll b-less mutant and a normal barley plant (Hordeum vulgare L.) is reported in this work. Using a high resolution, discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoretic system, we show that the mutant chloroplast membranes not only completely lack the 25-kilodalton pe...

Barley (Hordeum vulgare cv Prior) leaves converted l-U-(14)C-arginine to labeled proline. Accumulation of radioactivity in proline was greater in wilted leaves, but only after 9 hours of incubation. As the increase in free proline was detectable after only 3 to 6 hours, it is likely that the observed stimulation of proline labeling represents a result rather than a cause of proline accumulation...

Cold hardened seedlings of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) show an hypoxic hardening response: an exposure to low temperature flooding increases the tolerance of plants to a subsequent ice encasement exposure. Seedlings of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) do not show such a response in similar experimental conditions. During ice encasement, there are general declines in adenylate...

Aphids are serious pests in crop plants. In an effort to identify plant genes controlling resistance against aphids, we have here studied a protease inhibitor, CI2c in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The CI2c gene was earlier shown to be upregulated by herbivory of the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) in barley genotypes with moderate resistance against this aphid, but not in suscepti...

Nicotianamine synthase (NAS), the key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for the mugineic acid family of phytosiderophores, catalyzes the trimerization of S-adenosylmethionine to form one molecule of nicotianamine. We purified NAS protein and isolated the genes nas1, nas2, nas3, nas4, nas5-1, nas5-2, and nas6, which encode NAS and NAS-like proteins from Fe-deficient barley (Hordeum vulgare L. c...

Ethylene evolution from etiolated barley (Hordeum vulgare), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and rye (Secale cereale) seedlings during coleoptile growth followed a rhythmic pattern, with a period of about 16 h for barley and wheat and 12 h for rye seedlings. Leaf emergence disturbed the established rhythm of ethylene evolution.

An antibody specific for ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase was used to isolate the enzyme from greening barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves. The increase in enzymatic activity during greening was due to de novo synthesis of the enzyme. Increases in enzymatic activity were accompanied by corresponding increases in enzyme protein and by incorporation of radioactive leucine, all of which were in...

Genetically well-characterized mapping populations are a key tool for rapid and precise localization of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and subsequent identification of the underlying genes. In this study, a set of 73 introgression lines (S42ILs) originating from a cross between the spring barley cultivar Scarlett (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) and the wild barley accession ISR42-8 (H. v. ssp. sp...