Galanin, a 29-amino-acid neuropeptide, is generally viewed as an inhibitory neuromodulator in a variety of central systems. Galanin expression is upregulated in the cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is postulated to play an important role in memory and cognitive function. In this study, application of galanin to acutely dissociated rat neurons from the basal for...

Results Application of SNAP (100μM) increased basal ICa,L from 5.93±0.23 pA/pF to 9.10±0.45pA/pF (p<0.001, n/N=117/ 62). The effect was abolished by inhibition of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) with ODQ (30μM), suggesting involvement of cGMP. Stimulator of sGC (BAY 41-2272, 10nM–10μM) also increased ICa,L and this effect was potentiated in the presence of SNAP. Direct activation of protein kin...

The variation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) transport along Lupinus albus L. hypocotyls was studied using decapitated seedlings and excised sections. To confirm that the mobile species was IAA and not IAA metabolites, dual isotope-labeled IAAs, [5-(3)H]IAA + [1-(14)C]IAA, were used. After apical application to decapitated seedlings, the longitudinal distribution of both isotopes at different tr...

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) impairs endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-dependent responses of cerebral arterioles. However, the influence of T1D on another critical aspect of endothelial cell function in the cerebral microcirculation, i.e., regulation of permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), remains largely unknown. Our goal was to examine basal and agonist-induced changes in ...

Enhanced spontaneous contractions are associated with overactive bladder. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species might contribute to enhanced spontaneous contractions. We investigated the regulation of spontaneous contractions and the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in intact rat bladder strips. The spontaneous contractions were measured using a tissue bath system. The vehicle or the sp...

The present study was aimed at the uptake ofl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) and its intracellular decarboxylation to dopamine. The accumulation ofl-dopa from the apical side in cells cultured in collagen-treated plastic was found to be a saturable process with a Michaelis constant ( K m) of 123 ± 17 μM and a maximal velocity ( V max) of 6.0 ± 0.2 nmol ⋅ mg protein-1 ⋅ 6 min-1. The uptake ...

Basal-prandial insulin therapy is a physiologic approach to insulin delivery that utilizes multiple daily injections to cover both basal (ie, overnight fasting and between-meal) and prandial (ie, glucose excursions above basal at mealtime) insulin needs. While basal-prandial therapy with multiple daily injections is an important therapeutic option for patients with type 2 diabetes, there is a c...

Aims: To evaluate the effect of various levels and methods zinc fertilization in improving growth yield barnyard millet at different stages.&#x0D; Study Design: Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications.&#x0D; Place Duration Study: A field experiment was conducted farmer’s Pasur village, Coimbatore district from January to April, 2022.&#x0D; Methodology: (Echinochloa frumentacea L.)...

in the present study basal area and importance value index (ivi) attributes of herbage were investigated in chir pine (pinus roxburghii sargent) stands of three different ages and also in open grassland in the sub-tropical region of himachal pradesh (india) during growing season (june to september). a higher basal area of the herbage was recorded in open grassland as compared to chir pine stand...