BACKGROUND Nearly 40 years of research provides an extensive body of evidence about human health, well-being, and improved function benefits associated with experiences of nearby nature in cities. OBJECTIVES We demonstrate the numerous opportunities for future research efforts that link metro nature, human health and well-being outcomes, and economic values. METHODS We reviewed the literatu...

Air pollution from motor vehicles, electricity-generating plants, industry, and other sources can harm human health, injure crops and forests, damage building materials, and impair visibility. Economists sometimes analyze the social cost of these impacts, in order to illuminate tradeoffs, compare alternatives, and promote efficient use of scarce resource. In this paper, we compare estimates of ...

Theories of decision-making and its neural substrates have long assumed the existence of two distinct and competing valuation systems, variously described as goal-directed vs. habitual, or, more recently and based on statistical arguments, as model-free vs. model-based reinforcement-learning. Though both have been shown to control choices, the cognitive abilities associated with these systems a...

BACKGROUND The conventional method for modeling of the five-level EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) health state values in national valuation studies is an additive 20-parameter main-effects regression model. Statistical models with many parameters are at increased risk of overfitting-fitting to noise and measurement error, rather than the underlying relationship. OBJECTIVES T...

A study was undertaken in southern peninsular state of India, the Tamil Nadu State, to assess the farmers’ “Willingness to pay” (WTP) for receiving annual health care services to their dairy animals. The districts of the state were categorized as “Livestock developed” (LD) and “Livestock under developed” (LUD) based on initial base line developed. Contingent valuation (CV) approach was used to ...

The valuation of ecosystem services is a complex process as it includes several dimensions (ecological, socio-cultural and economic) and not all of these can be quantified in monetary units. The aim of this paper is to conduct an ecosystem services valuation study for mangroves ecosystems, the results of which can be used to inform governance and management of mangroves. We used an expert-based...

Physicians have acknowledged information technology (IT) efficiency and now utilize it in their professional practice and patient management. The benefits of IT within the health care environment has received academic attention, however existing literature currently pertains to limited areas, including the financial effects of telemedicine networks, and both the acceptability of this branch of ...

In this note we use the Shapley value to define a valuation function. A valuation function associates with every non-empty coalition of players in a strategic game a vector of payoffs for the members of the coalition that provides these players’ valuations of cooperating in the coalition. The Shapley valuation function is defined using the lowervalue based method to associate coalitional games ...

• To compare benefits and costs. Although we would like to live in a world with perfectly clean air and water, the costs of reaching this goal is beyond most countries. This means comparing the expected benefits of competing investments with the costs of each. Economic analysis, in the form of either benefit-cost analysis or, where benefits cannot be measured (or are not measured), the use of c...