Key applications of quantum computing, including error correction, rely critically on the capability to measure (read out) state selected bits, without disturbing other qubits or terminating computation. Such $m\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}u\phantom{\rule{0}{...

The vast amount of research over the past decades has significantly added to our knowledge of phantom limb pain. Multiple factors including site of amputation or presence of preamputation pain have been found to have a positive correlation with the development of phantom limb pain. The paradigms of proposed mechanisms have shifted over the past years from the psychogenic theory to peripheral an...

This paper presents an anthropomorphic phantom study of dose delivered to a specific point during tangential breast irradiation to verify monitor unit calculations. Measurements were made using a 0.6 cc Farmer type cylindrical ionization chamber in the phantom and compared to calculations made on a three-dimensional radiotherapy treatment planning system using single digitized contour through t...

We study realistic 3D laser cooling of positronium (Ps) in the presence a magnetic field. Triplet and singlet states mixing due to field, dynamical Stark effect, generally produce higher annihilation rates than zero-field case. is efficient only at very low field $B\ensuremath{\lesssim}50\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mT}$ high values $B⪆0.7\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\phantom{\rule{0.16em...

PURPOSE This paper describes the design and implementation of a case study based investigation using immersive virtual reality as a treatment for phantom limb pain. METHOD Three participants who experienced phantom limb pain (two with an upper-limb amputation, and one with a lower-limb amputation) took part in between 2 and 5 immersive virtual reality (IVR) sessions over a 3-week period. The ...

Radiation dose assessment in advanced synchrotron radiation facility is challenging due to the complexity and uncertainties of radiation source terms induced by high energy particle accelerator. Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is the first third-generation synchrotron facility in China, which was completed in 2009. Radiation dose assessment for workers at SSRF Beam lines is highl...

Introduction: The routine use of a calibration phantom that fits easily into a breast coil could provide the basis for standardization and patient-specific calibration of breast MRI. Here, we use a phantom to correct the variable flip angles in a T1 measurement. This increases the accuracy of T1 and contrast media concentration measurements obtained with a clinically employed T1-weighted dynami...

Most approaches to 3D x-ray imaging geometry calibration use some well-defined calibration phantom containing point markers. The calibration aims at minimizing the so-called re-projection error, i.e., the error between the detected marker locations in the acquired projection image and the projected marker locations based on the phantom model and the current estimate of the imaging geometry. The...

conclusion we constructed and validated a ct colonography phantom with correct density allowing performance of reproducible experiments. materials and methods we found 15 different phantom designs by literature search and compared their advantages and disadvantages based on their description and images. we tested various materials for density and mechanical properties and constructed a phantom ...