Before the First World War, almost all dyes were applied from solution in an aqueous dyebath to substrates such as cotton, wool, silk and other natural fibres. However, the introduction of a man-made fibre, cellulose acetate, with its inherent hydrophobic nature, created a situation where very few of the available dyes had affinity for the new fibre. Water-soluble anionic dyes had little substa...

Basic Violet 14, Direct Red 28 and Acid Red 26 are classified as carcinogenic dyes in the European textile ecology standard, despite insufficient toxicity data. In this study, the toxicity of these dyes was assessed in a zebrafish model, and the underlying toxic mechanisms were investigated. Basic Violet 14 and Direct Red 28 showed acute toxicity with a LC50 value at 60.63 and 476.84 µg ml(-1) ...

Abstract In recent years, there has been an interest in the study of new methods for removal dyes from water due to its large-scale use different industries, example, paper printing, textile, leather, pharmaceutical, food or technological applications. It is estimated that more than 700 thousand tons about 10 000 types are produced annually. Most them synthetic origin and can generate adverse e...

The pKa of the over-all basicity of 4-aminoazobenzene and derivatives has been re solved in pKam and pK^, which represent the pKa of the two basic centers, the amino nitrogen and the /3-azo nitrogen. This resolution has made possible for the first time a comparison of the carcinogenic activity of these dyes with a property related to electron density at these centers. It appears that excessive ...

in this study, removal of methylene blue (mb) and maxilon blue sl 200% (mb sl) dyes from aqueous solutions by using raw clay (rc) of nevsehir (turkey) vicinity and ultrasonic-acid modified clay (mc) was investigated. adsorption was carried out with 500 mg/l mb and 50 mg/l for mb sl in terms of different adsorbent dosages, contact time, solution ph, temperature and stirring speed. the fitting of...