OBJECTIVE The authors assessed the suicide rates of New York City police officers during a recent period. METHOD The authors reviewed death certificates of active New York City police officers who died from 1977 through 1996 (N=668); age-, gender-, and race-specific suicide rates among New York City police officers and the city's residents were determined. RESULTS The police suicide rate wa...

This article examines perceptions of police misconduct in the United States and the factors that influence these perceptions. Using data from a large, nationally representative survey of whites, African Americans, and Hispanics, we examine how citizens’ views of four types of police misconduct—verbal abuse, excessive force, unwarranted stops, and corruption—are shaped by race and other factors,...

BACKGROUND The police are considered frontline professionals in managing individuals experiencing mental health crises. This study examines the extent to which these individuals are disconnected from mental health services, and whether the police response has an influence on re-establishing contact. METHODS Police records were searched for calls regarding individuals with acute mental health ...

Review: Burnout is comprised of 3 factors emotional exhaustion, lowered personal achievement and depersonalisation. The literature suggests lower rates of depersonalisation burnout amongst women human services workers. Depersonalisation is the development of negative attitudes, such as cynicism and negativism, in which coworkers and service recipients are labelled in derogatory ways and treated...

BACKGROUND Significant underreporting of road traffic injuries by the police has been documented, even in developed countries. The objective of this study was to clarify the magnitude of underreporting of police data in Japan. METHODS Police reports were compared with those of the fire department and the Marine and Fire Insurance Association of Japan. RESULTS The results reveal significant ...

Background—Significant underreporting of road traYc injuries by the police has been documented, even in developed countries. The objective of this study was to clarify the magnitude of underreporting of police data in Japan. Methods—Police reports were compared with those of the fire department and the Marine and Fire Insurance Association of Japan. Results—The results reveal significant underr...

Black individuals are usually reluctant to co-operate with the police (Smith, 1983a). We propose that a history of unpleasant interactions with the police generates hostile attitudes towards the institution (Jefferson & Walker, 1993). Using a sample of 56 black and 64 white participants, we examined whether quality of contact predicts black people's attitudes and subjective norms concerning co-...

From an international perspective, German property tax reform offers interesting field of research, as several models now exist in parallel. The spectrum ranges from a based on the area (square metres) whole property, with higher weighting building (Bavaria), to land value only (Baden-Wuerttemberg). These two extreme cases are examined regard their expected effects settlement development and pl...

Deadly force research typically does not distinguish between shootings by on-duty and off-duty police. This article uses Philadelphia police shooting data from two time periods (1970-1978 and 1987-1992) and a unique quasi-experimental design to examine the comparative effects upon on- and off-duty police shootings of an administrative policy that limited police shooting discretion but that did ...

Although numerous studies have attempted to understand the causes of various forms of police misconduct, there is still no clear theoretical explanation of police misbehavior. Akers’ social learning theory posits that peer associations, attitudes, reinforcement, and modeling are predictors of delinquency and crime in general. With this article, we seek to determine if the theory can account for...