This paper presents an analysis of identificational sentences like That is a woman and That is Rosa as predicational sentences. We argue that the pre-copular demonstrative denotes an individual concept and that the post-copular phrase denotes a sort, in the sense of Gupta (1980): a function from worlds into sets of individual concepts. These sentences provide evidence for a model in which trans...

abstract Demonstratives ( this/that in English) are pivotal communication. In this study, we show that semantic features of referents systematically influence speakers’ choices demonstrative forms for Spanish nouns the absence a guiding context. We used Demonstrative Choice Task (DCT), previously applied to two-term languages (Danish, English, and Italian), it Spanish, three-term system este/es...

A fundamental property of language is that it can be used to refer to entities in the extra-linguistic physical context of a conversation in order to establish a joint focus of attention on a referent. Typological and psycholinguistic work across a wide range of languages has put forward at least two different theoretical views on demonstrative reference. Here we contrasted and tested these two...

Abstract In this paper, we present two experimental studies on reference of complex demonstratives. The results our experiments challenge the dominant view in philosophy language, according to which demonstrative is determined by speaker's intentions. first experiment shows that a context where there are candidates for referent—one speaker’s intention, other some “external” factors—people prefe...

Abstract Demonstratives are cross-linguistically widespread expressions. The use of demonstratives is flexible due to their semantic elasticity, which allows them describe more or less extensive regions referents in a communicative scenario. constant remapping between and might lead restructuring the deictic system itself accordance with parameters affecting its use. To that end, we analyzed st...

Abstract In Amazonian Spanish, este has two main functions: demonstrative and filler. Filler- , which originally evolved from demonstrative- serves to deal with word-formulation delays during spontaneous speech production. Analyses of conversations reveal that primarily functions as a filler: 70% the tokens are either fillers serving placeholders, replace lexical items in specific syntactic slo...

Abstract This is a study of the semantics definiteness marking and its applicability to Old East Scandinavian linguistic scenario. Contrary Modern Continental languages, varieties did not possess fully-fledged definite articles, although all three demonstrative systems ( hinn, -inn, sá/þænn , sjá/þænni ) show some evidence being used as markers definiteness. A semantic analysis these forms in e...

although ghazālī has not openly talked about the philosophy of theology, its components can be found in his works. as such, he regards the ultimate goal of theology to be safeguarding the religion and the assertoric or imitative belief of the religious person, preventing misconception and doubt to enter it, and preparing for the desired outcome of theology (happiness). the status of the science...

The forward method for modeling electric vehicles is one of the most suitable estimating energy consumption in different imposed driving cycles. However, a detailed description methodology used development vehicle models necessary and scarce current literature. To fill this gap, study focuses on highlighting intrinsic characteristics through theoretical with mathematical model, complemented by ...