BACKGROUND The 'double-diamond copy' task is a simple paper and pencil test part of the Bender-Gestalt Test and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Although it is a widely used test, its method of scoring is crude and its psychometric properties are not adequately known. The aim of the present study was to develop a sensitive and reliable method of administration and scoring. METHODS Th...

Wertheimer's seminal paper of 1923 was of gerat influence in psychology and other sciences. Wertheimer also emphasized the weaknesses of the newborn Gestalt theory: too many basic laws, and the ambiguity of definitions. At the same time, the paper contained potential solutions to these problems, in the form of a number of very important ideas, some of which were presented implicitly: perception...

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyeperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a relatively prevalent disorder in children and is associated with some other disorders including depression. This problem also affects the emotional characteristics and intelligence quotient. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of Emotional Characteristics (EC) and depression with Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in ...

Background: Stimulant drugs are the most commonly used treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although the mechanism of action of these drugs is still not entirely understood. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the psychostimulant drug methylphenidate (MPH) on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), electrical activity of the brain, and clin...

BACKGROUND Hydrocephalus, which is the most common disease of the central nervous system in children, has a diverse etiology and clinical picture. Children suffering from hydrocephalus are often treated either by using a neuroendoscopic procedure or by Orbis Sigma shunt implantation. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the long-term psychological effects of neuroendoscopic surgical treatment on the mental...

Complete–playtime is an early concept of kindergarten idea. However, recently, children no longer obtain many opportunities to explore themselves through contextual learning activities such as playing drama or listening tale. Children are focused on academic-centered activities, so they experience boredom at age. Moreover, students have not owned a school readiness when entering elementary scho...

BACKGROUND Learning disability is one of the most noticed subjects for behavioral specialists. Most of thelearning difficulties are caused by senso-motor development and neurological organization. The main purposeof the present research is to examine the role of delayed perceptual-motor development and brain damage inorigination of expressive writing disorder (EWD). METHODS The studied sample...

This third 5-year follow-up on the effects of severe undernutrition during infancy on subsequent brain growth and intellectual development confirms the level of gross retardation of intellect in the undernourished group when compared with the controls. As the subjects are now 15-18 years of age this must be permanent. All but 5 of the undernourished group are now living in conditions comparable...