The construction of artificial biofilms with defined internal architectures is described. Bacterial cells are suspended in a low conductivity medium, guided to specific areas in a microelectrode array by dielectrophoresis (DEP), and then immobilised using the flocculating agent poly(ethylenimine). Multispecies biofilms can be constructed by introducing different species at different times. The ...

1. The local anaesthetic benzyl alcohol progressively activated glucagon-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity up to a maximum at 50 mM-benzyl alcohol. Further increases in benzyl alcohol concentration inhibited the activity. The fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was similarly affected except for an inhibition of activity occurring at low benzyl alcohol concentrations (approx. 10 m...

Silica chloride converted benzyl or tert-butyl esters to the corresponding acid chlorides and alkyl chlorides. It also converted benzyl or tert-butyl phenyl ethers to the corresponding allcyl chlorides and phenol

In this work, we report a novel method for selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols to benzaldehydes. Neither solvent nor promoters are needed: a polymeric microporous membrane acts as a barrier to “keep in contact” the two phases: the organic phase containing the substrate, benzyl alcohols and the products, benzaldehydes and the aqueous phase with the catalyst and the oxidant, hydrogen peroxide....

We report the application of statistical multivariate analysis to optimize the process parameters (including temperature, O2 pressure, concentration of benzyl alcohol, Mn content, and K:Mn molar ratio) in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol using molecular oxygen over K-Mn/C catalysts. This multi-regression model, based on 38 experimental runs, shows reasonably accurate prediction on the benzyl alc...

There was reason from bacterial and algal systems to expect that pretreatments with a paraquat analog might confer tolerance against a subsequent paraquat treatment. Thus, a series of compounds were tested for protective activity against bipyridinium herbicides. These included other bipyridinium compounds and derivatives, as well as compounds having similar or more positive redox potentials tha...

Palladium-catalyzed S-benzylation of unprotected mercaptobenzoic acids with benzyl alcohols gave only S-benzylated mercaptobenzoic acids in good yields. Water may play an important role for the smooth generation of the (η(3)-benzyl)palladium species by activation of the hydroxyl group of the benzyl alcohol.

the in-situ method of synthesis has been used to isolate oxovanadium(iv) complexes with ligands derived by reaction of benzil with amino acids such as glycine, alanine, serine, cysteine and valine, where template effect of vo +2 cation appears to play an important role. the complexes are characterised by elemental analysis, magnetic moment measurements and spectral (infrared, electronic and ele...

Bio-based plastics were designed to replace single-use and cause less post-consumer environmental damage. This paper assesses the weathering of four bio-based polymers created by ring opening polymerization (ROP) promoted a previously reported Ti-based catalyst, detect any problems before production was scaled up. Samples aged in seawater identify degradation products monitor structural changes...