among several pests of rice as one of the main agricultural products in iran, rice borer, chilo suppressalis is one of the most important pests of this crop. use of pesticides coincided with the occurrence of this pest in the northern region of iran in 1972. at present in order to control this pest, more than 12000 tones of pesticides granules are used annually. ecological effects of pesticides...

results significant differences were observed in the results of co-culture of nematodes larva and fungi after seven days. the most effective fungi against the nematodes larvae were cladosporium sp., trichoderma sp., fusarium equisetti, after seven days of incubation. materials and methods sheep feces were employed to provide the required third stage larvae source for the experiments. the nemato...

background the brown-banded cockroach supella longipalpa (f.) as a mechanical vector of pathogens and source of allergens has recently become widespread in the city of ahvaz, southwestern iran. objectives this research was done to evaluate the efficacy of a dust-formulation of metarhizium anisopliae isolate iran 437c, as a common entomopathogenous fungus, against s. longipalpa. materials and me...

the effect of poultry waste application on physicochemical and biological properties of sandy clay loam soil was investigated on a 7m x 7m plot of land. plot was divided into four portions and 7.5kg each of broiler, cockerel and layers waste was applied to plot a, b, and c in slurry form while plot d was used as control(no application) for eight weeks with two weeks interval. after the fourth a...

the tanning industry has for a long time been associated as the primal source of pollution tovarious ecosystems wherever they are sited. effluent spewed by these leather industries including particulatematter has remained very complex requiring more advanced techniques to examine. one such avenue is the use of ecotoxicological diagnosis of the tanning sector to comprehend the underlying environ...

cardaria draba is an important, troublesome weed in the sustainable production of wheat. inthe first step of this study, 100 actinomycete isolates were purified from soil samples collectedfrom the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of plants in different provinces of iran. all isolates weresubjected to primary screening by assaying the fermentation broth of the sterile surfaces of c.draba leaves. con...

seeds of the castor bean plant ricinuscommunis l (cb) contain ricin toxin (rt), one of the most poisonous naturally-occurring substances known. ricin toxin, a water-soluble glycoprotein that does not partition into the oil extract, is a ribosome-inactivating toxin composed of two chains, labeled a and b. severity of the toxicity varies depending on the route of exposure to the toxin. inhalation...

background: aflatoxins are found in the most types of foods such as corn, peanuts, pistachio, rice, milk, and etc. these toxins may cause several adverse health effects, notably cancer. the main aim of this study was to evaluate excretion level of aflatoxin m1 (afm1), as a biomarker of aflatoxin b1 exposure, in urine samples of iranian population. also, relationship between diet and urinary exc...

parasitoids of the genus, trichogramma are the most widely used natural enemies for biological control of pests worldwide. the presence of flowering plants can improve efficiency of biological control agents by supplying sugar resource for parasitoids. in this study, two experiments were performed under laboratory condition (at 25±1ºc, 60±10% rh and a photoperiod 16l:8d), to evaluate the effect...

introduction individual x-ray diffraction patterns of biological tissues are obtained via interference of coherent scattering with their electrons. many scientists have distinguished normal and cancerous breast tissue, bone density, and urinary stone types using the x-ray diffraction patterns resulting from coherent scattering. the goal of this study was to introduce an optimized method for obt...