Heavy metals are natural components of Earth’s crust. They cannot be degraded or destroyed. The impurification of water surfaces with heavy metals usually has disastrous effects on the environment. That’s why the determination of heavy metals concentrations at levels of ppm or ppb is strictly necessary. Industrial, economical and demographic development generates huge amounts of wastes which ha...

regioselective synthesis of highly functionalized pyranopyrazoles was achieved in excellent yield from phenyl pyrazolone, substituted aromatic aldehyde with nitroketene-n,s-acetal in the presence of indium trichloride as a versatile catalyst under reflux condition in ethanol-water mixture. all reactions preceeded within a short period of time with excellent purity. all of the synthesized compou...

There is increasing concern about landfilling of biodegradable wastes. Therefore, biological treatment processes such as composting and biogasification have been considered as alternative strategies for managing those wastes. In this work, life cycle assessment was employed to compare the environmental impacts of landfilling, composting, and biological treatment of municipal solid waste in São ...

In a broad sense, all materials with biological origin can be called biomass, which includes those that have been obtained from the direct conversion of solar energy, such as plants and crops, their residues, industrial transformation well subproducts residues organic fraction municipal solid wastes [...]

The principal use of water by the petroleum refining industry in the United States of America is in the refining branch itself, and the present paper is concerned with problems arising from this use of water, and some of the measures being taken by the industry to solve these problems. The compilation oftheManualonDisposalof Refinery Wastes is briefly alludedto, and the importance ofrecirculati...