In the past few years, therapeutic microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) are some of the most important biopharmaceuticals that are in commercial space as future medicines. This review summarizes the patents of miRNA- and siRNA-based new drugs, and also provides a snapshot about significant biopharmaceutical companies that are investing for the therapeutic development of miRNA and ...

Non-human mammalian cells such as CHO have been used predominantly for the production of biopharmaceuticals including monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). Although the glycosylation profile of these products is 'human-like' there is still the possibility of immunogenic epitopes such as α-Gal and Neu5Gc. Human cell lines have now been designed for high productivity of recombinant proteins and ensuring ...

Protein-based biopharmaceuticals are becoming increasingly widely used as therapeutic agents, and the characterization of these biopharmaceuticals poses a significant analytical challenge. In particular, monitoring posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as glycosylation, is an important aspect of this characterization because these glycans can strongly affect the stability, immunogenicity...

Antibodies are key molecules of the adaptive immune response and are now a major class of biopharmaceuticals. Pairing of heavy and light chains is one of the ways of generating antibody diversity and, while little is known about mechanisms governing V(H)/V(L) pairing, previous studies have suggested that the germline source from which chains are paired is random. By selecting paired antibody pr...

Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are monoclonal antibodies attached to biologically active drugs by chemical linkers with selectively labile bonds. By combining the unique targeting of monoclonal antibodies with the cancer killing ability of cytotoxic drugs, ADCs will permit sensitive discrimination between healthy and diseased tissue. Advances in coupling antibodies to cytotoxic drugs will perm...

There is an ongoing global shift in pharmaceutical business models from small molecule drugs to biologics. This increase complexity response advancements our diagnoses and understanding of diseases. With the more targeted approach coupled with its inherently costly development manufacturing, 2D 3D printing are being explored as suitable techniques deliver personalised affordable routes drug dis...