The present study tested the hypothesis that zebrafish (Danio rerio) aquaporin-1a1 (AQP1a1) serves as a multi-functional channel for the transfer of the small gaseous molecules, CO2 and ammonia, as well as water, across biological membranes. Zebrafish embryos were microinjected with a translation-blocking morpholino oligonucleotide targeted to AQP1a1. Knockdown of AQP1a1 significantly reduced r...

The present study tested the hypothesis that zebrafish (Danio rerio) aquaporin-1a1 (AQP1a1) serves as a multi-functional channel for the transfer of the small gaseous molecules, CO2 and ammonia, as well as water, across biological membranes. Zebrafish embryos were microinjected with a translation-blocking morpholino oligonucleotide targeted to AQP1a1. Knockdown of AQP1a1 significantly reduced r...

The effects of exposure of animals to ammonia on their delayed type of dermal response, the mitogenic and antigenic responses of their lymphocytes, and the bactericidal and phagocytic activities of their alveolar macrophages were examined. Experimental guinea pigs vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG were exposed to 3.75 micrograms of ammonia per dl of air (50 ppm) or 6.75 micrograms of ammo...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ribose supplementation on blood ammonia-N, plasma lactic acid, plasma glucose, volume of oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate, and performance in Thoroughbred geldings performing a maximal treadmill standardized exercise test (SET). The hypothesis tested was that ribose supplementation would decrease ammonia-N and lactic acid accumul...

RATIONALE. With no effective clearance system for ammonia, levels increase rapidly, resulting in cerebral edema with severe neurologic compromise. Dialysis is the only means of rapid removal of ammonia from blood in acute neonatal hyperammonemia, and hemodialysis is preferred over peritoneal dialysis because it is much more effective. If hemodialysis is not available, hemofiltration can be used...

BACKGROUND Portal hypertension leads to the formation of portosystemic collateral veins in liver cirrhosis. The resulting shunting is responsible for the development of portosystemic encephalopathy. Although ammonia plays a certain role in determining portosystemic encephalopathy, the venous ammonia level has not been found to correlate with the presence or severity of this entity. So, it has b...

Plant injury has been traced to ammonia derived from organic sources such as urine (9), chicken manure (8), cottonseed meal (12) and animal manure (3). In addition, inorganic sources such as aqua ammonia, anhydrous ammonia, and ammonium salts have been reported injurious to plants when placed too close to the root zone (3, 7). The toxicity of ammonia to animals has been demonstrated by Sumner (...

Four disease entities associated with hyperammonaemia and corresponding to lack of each of the specific enzymes required in the Krebs Henseleit urea cycle have now been reported (Russell et al., 1962; Freeman et al., 1964). A closely allied condition, lysine intolerance, where lysine competes with arginine for arginase has also recently been described (Colombo et al., 1964). Patients with these...

Microemulsions with limited stability in mimetic gastrointestinal environments have previously demonstrated potential for the effective removal of ammonia from artificial colonic fluid. Specialized pH‑sensitive microemulsion‑based gels for the removal of colonic ammonia (MBG‑RCA), however, possess relative stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of normal rats, indicating potential use in ...

Prior studies with carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors implicated mitochondrial CA in ureagenesis and gluconeogenesis. Subsequent studies identified two mitochondrial CAs. To distinguish the contribution of each enzyme, we studied the effects of targeted disruption of the murine CA genes, called Car5A and Car5B. The Car5A mutation had several deleterious consequences. Car5A null mice were smalle...